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. 2022 Nov-Dec;36(6):2945-2951.
doi: 10.21873/invivo.13037.

Interstitial Brachytherapy of the Liver for Renal Cell Carcinoma: ADC Measurements Do Not Predict Overall Survival

Maximilian Thormann  1 , Franziska Heitmann  2 , Vanessa Wrobel  2 , Christine March  2 , Maciej Pech  2 , Alexey Surov  2 , Robert Damm  2 , Jazan Omari  2
Affiliations

Interstitial Brachytherapy of the Liver for Renal Cell Carcinoma: ADC Measurements Do Not Predict Overall Survival

Maximilian Thormann et al. In Vivo. 2022 Nov-Dec.

Abstract

Background/aim: To assess the influence of pre-treatment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements on outcomes in patients undergoing interstitial brachytherapy (iBT) for liver metastases from renal cell carcinoma.

Patients and methods: Patients undergoing iBT for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) liver metastases were retrospectively identified. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had a pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. For each lesion, a region of interest (ROI) was placed along the contours of the entire lesion across all slices. For each ROI, ADC minimum, mean and maximum as well as the lesion area were noted, and the average was calculated for each lesion. ADC measurements were correlated with overall survival.

Results: The analysis included 17 patients. Median overall survival was 36 months. Neither ADC measurement was significantly associated with overall survival. ADC min (HR=1.00, 95%CI=1.00-1.00, p=0.600), ADC max (HR=1.001, 95%CI=0.998-1.003, p=0.490), ADC mean (HR=0.999, 95%CI=0.996-1.003, p=0.638).

Conclusion: ADC is not able to differentiate between groups with good and bad overall survival in patients undergoing iBT for RCC liver metastases.

Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma; apparent diffusion coefficient; interstitial brachytherapy; liver metastases; overall survival.

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Conflict of interest statement

The Authors declare no conflict of interest in relation to this study.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Exemplary depiction of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements in a patient with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) liver metastases. A line was drawn manually along the contours of the tumor lesion on each slice. Necrotic areas and T2 shine through artifacts were left out. Minimum, maximum, and mean ADC values were noted for each slice and the average calculated for each lesion.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Sketch of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement technique. ADC measurements were performed along the contours of the entire tumor lesion (whole lesion method) on each slice (whole volume method). The average ADC value was calculated for each lesion.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier curve for overall survival after interstitial brachytherapy for renal cell carcinoma liver metastases. Median overall survival time was 36 months.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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