Medical Decision Making - an Overview

Abstract

Background: Medical professionals (doctors and other medical staff) in the field of healthcare everyday must make calculated decisions which have important consequences, impacting patients on the individual level, local (community), national or global level. Healthcare professionals must at times make these choices with limited information, resources, and knowledge, and yet is is expected that these decisions are highly calculated and accurate. It is important to familiarise oneself with the exact definitions regarding medical decision making.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe application of the most important rules to help decision makers to be good or excellent decision makers in medical practice at every level of health care system.

Methods: The author used descriptive method of explanation teoretical and practical issues regarding application of od decision making processes in the praxis, based on searchied scientific literature about this topic deposited in online databases.

Results and discussion: The author of this paper discussed about important topics: a) the importance of medical decision in emergency situations; b) the varies of decision making with solving problems by medical professionals; c) the limitations when it comes to medical decison making; and d) what doctors need to follow regarding decision making in the praxis. Two factors that have influenced to the decision process: a) degree of uncertainty about future events; b) usefulness of outcomes in any particular case. The clinical decision problem analysis process demands: a) explicit formalization of a decision making problem or the description of the medical problem decision with a registration of all possible actions which have to be undertaken and registration of all the possible so determined outcomes. b) construction of the decision tree which presents all described actions and outcomes with predictions of the probabilities and the choice of the most optimal action based on the probability outcome and its use. Doing this allows us to delve deeper into more intricate options present within medical decision making. Simple put, a decision is a choice between two options. The person or entity conducting that decision is the decision maker. The exact definition is "Under the decision should imply some specific action which is selected from several variables or which satisfies the expectation that is previously set".Many different factors and individuals may be involved in medical decision making, with varying consequences, according to different players and settings.

Conclusion: A vital component of medical decision making is evaluation. Decision makers must concisely evaluate situations, in order to make better choices. For example, when examining a health care system, their decisions should consider the following questions, such as, what is the health status of the given population? What economic resources are at the disposal of our patients, and government? How effective is the current healthcare model that is already in place? Does the existing social system pay enough attention to the healthcare protection? Does the organisation structure of the healthcare system satisfy? Are the existing practice and the healthcare technologies secure, effective, and suitable? Are the planning, programming, determination and the choice of priority the adequate to the needs of people? How are the monitoring and evaluation of healthcare system quality organised? These are a few examples of evaluation in medical decision making.

Keywords: Decision makers; Medical Decision Making.

Figure 1.. Three levels of decision making: strategic, tactic and operational (technical) (4)

Table 1.. Type of medical decision making

Table 2.. In the relation to available knowledge and information the all physicians can be divided into four types of the decision carrier (4)

Table 3.. The judgment of the decision carrier about that which actions should undertake in the accordance to the expected risk is calle (4)d the attitude according to the risk

Table 4.. The expert systems imitate a man in a field of knowledge and are capable for the various activities which belong to the nsultative -advising activity (4)

Table 5.. The basic differnces among the clasic computers and the neuron nets (4)