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Review
. 2022 Oct 14:4:1011934.
doi: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1011934. eCollection 2022.

Plant biomacromolecule delivery methods in the 21st century

Sachin Rustgi  1 , Salman Naveed  1 , Jonathan Windham  1 , Huan Zhang  2 , Gözde S Demirer  3
Affiliations
Review

Plant biomacromolecule delivery methods in the 21st century

Sachin Rustgi et al. Front Genome Ed. .

Abstract

The 21st century witnessed a boom in plant genomics and gene characterization studies through RNA interference and site-directed mutagenesis. Specifically, the last 15 years marked a rapid increase in discovering and implementing different genome editing techniques. Methods to deliver gene editing reagents have also attempted to keep pace with the discovery and implementation of gene editing tools in plants. As a result, various transient/stable, quick/lengthy, expensive (requiring specialized equipment)/inexpensive, and versatile/specific (species, developmental stage, or tissue) methods were developed. A brief account of these methods with emphasis on recent developments is provided in this review article. Additionally, the strengths and limitations of each method are listed to allow the reader to select the most appropriate method for their specific studies. Finally, a perspective for future developments and needs in this research area is presented.

Keywords: CRISPR; RNA interference; biomacromolecule delivery methods; genetic transformation; genome editing; nanoparticles; plants; site-directed mutagenesis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Nanoparticle-mediated delivery to plants. (A) Polymer-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) deliver plasmid DNA into plant nucleus and chloroplast for gene expression. (B) Cell penetrating peptides deliver multiple DNA, RNA, and protein cargoes to plant leaves. (C) SWCNTs, DNA nanostructures, and gold nanoparticles are used to deliver siRNA and dsRNA to plants via leaf infiltration. (D) BioClay and carbon nanodots are topically sprayed on leaves and pollen for dsRNA and siRNA delivery. Figure created with BioRender.com.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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