Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Oct 14:9:921592.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.921592. eCollection 2022.

Stroke mortality attributable to high red meat intake in China and South Korea: An age-period-cohort and joinpoint analysis

Affiliations

Stroke mortality attributable to high red meat intake in China and South Korea: An age-period-cohort and joinpoint analysis

Fangyao Chen et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

The high intake of red meat is well recognized as a major health concern worldwide. It has been recognized as a risk factor for several non-communicable chronic diseases, including stroke. However, previously published studies have not performed a comprehensive analysis of the long-time trend of stroke mortality attributable to high red meat intake in China and South Korea, two countries with similar dietary patterns and changing trends. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the influence of age, time period, and birth cohort on long-term trends of stroke mortality attributable to high red meat intake and relative gender differences in China and South Korea. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. The age-period-cohort model was used to estimate the effect of age, time period, and birth cohort. The average and annual percent changes were estimated using the joinpoint regression analysis. Results indicated that the overall attributable age-standardized mortality rates of stroke in China decreased by 1.0% (P < 0.05) for female and 0.1% (P > 0.05) for male individuals, compared with a decrease of 4.9% for female and 3.7% for male individuals in South Korea (both P < 0.05). Age-period-cohort analysis revealed that the attributable stroke mortality decreased along with the time period, and increased along with age. Significant gender differences were observed, male individuals in both countries were at higher risk than their female counterparts, especially in China. Joinpoint analysis suggested that the attributable stroke mortality for both genders in South Korea and female individuals in China showed a decreasing trend, while it is stable for male individuals in China. Although prominent reductions were observed during the past decades, the attributable stroke mortality risk in China and South Korea is still high. Our findings indicate that controlling the intake of red meat may be a cost-effective strategy to reduce stroke mortality risk and the corresponding disease burden, especially for Chinese male individuals.

Keywords: China; South Korea; age-period-cohort analysis; high red meat intake; joinpoint analysis; stroke mortality.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of stroke attributable to HRMI (per 100,000) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (presented with shadows) for both genders in China and South Korea. (A) For male individuals in China and South Korea; (B) for female individuals in China and South Korea.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Local and net drifts of HRMI attributable stroke mortality (error bars stand for 95% confidence intervals) for both genders in China (CHN) and South Korea (SK) from 1994 to 2019. (A) The local drifts for both genders in China and Korea along with age; (B) net drifts for both genders in China and Korea from 1994 to 2019.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Longitudinal curve for age, time period, and birth cohort for both genders in China (CHN) and South Korea (SK). (A) Longitudinal age curves; (B) longitudinal period curve; (C) longitudinal cohort curve (error bars stand for 95% confidence intervals).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Long-term effects of age, time period, and birth cohort for both genders in China (CHN) and South Korea (SK). The reference line (RR = 1) was also plotted. (A) Age RR; (B) period RR; (C) cohort RR (error bars stand for 95% confidence intervals).

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Kaplan-Arabaci O, Acari A, Ciftci P, Gozuacik D. Glutamate scavenging as a neuroreparative strategy in ischemic stroke. Front Pharmacol. (2022) 13:866738. 10.3389/Fphar.2022.866738 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Feigin VL, Stark BA, Johnson CO, Roth GA, Bisignano C, Abady GG, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet Neurol. (2021) 20:795–820. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ding Q, Liu S, Yao Y, Liu H, Cai T, Han L. Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic stroke, 1990–2019. Neurology. (2021) 98:E279–90. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013115 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Walker ME, O’Donnell AA, Himali JJ, Rajendran I, Melo Van Lent D, Ataklte F, et al. Associations of the mediterranean-dietary approaches to stop hypertension intervention for neurodegenerative delay diet with cardiac remodelling in the community: the framingham heart study. Br J Nutr. (2021) 126:1888–96. 10.1017/S0007114521000660 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Casagrande BP, Bueno AA, Pisani LP, Estadella D. Hepatic glycogen participates in the regulation of hypothalamic Pakt/Akt ratio in high-sugar/high-fat diet-induced obesity. Metab Brain Dis. (2022) 37:1423–34. 10.1007/s11011-022-00944-3 - DOI - PubMed