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Review
. 2022 Oct 12:10:1006295.
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1006295. eCollection 2022.

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells-from bench to bedside

Shashank Chetty  1 , Reza Yarani  1   2 , Ganesh Swaminathan  1 , Rosita Primavera  1 , Shobha Regmi  1 , Sravanthi Rai  1 , Jim Zhong  3 , Abantika Ganguly  1 , Avnesh S Thakor  1
Affiliations
Review

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells-from bench to bedside

Shashank Chetty et al. Front Cell Dev Biol. .

Abstract

In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have generated a lot of attention due to their paracrine and immuno-modulatory properties. mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the umbilical cord (UC) are becoming increasingly recognized as having increased therapeutic potential when compared to mesenchymal stromal cells from other sources. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the various compartments of umbilical cord tissue from which mesenchymal stromal cells can be isolated, the differences and similarities with respect to their regenerative and immuno-modulatory properties, as well as the single cell transcriptomic profiles of in vitro expanded and freshly isolated umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential and biodistribution of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells following systemic administration while providing an overview of pre-clinical and clinical trials involving umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells and their associated secretome and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The clinical applications of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells are also discussed, especially in relation to obstacles and potential solutions for their effective translation from bench to bedside.

Keywords: clinical trials; extracellular vesicles (EVs); mesenchymal stem cells; regenerative therapy; single cell transcriptomics; umbilical cord (UC).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic illustration of the umbilical cord (UC) representing the four major compartments: Amnion Membrane (AM), Wharton’s Jelly (WJ), Sub-Amnion (SA), and Peri-Vascular (PV) region along with arteries and veins.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Highlights the applications of UC-MSCs for treatment of variety of diseases such as cutaneous, neural, myocardial, renal, hepatic, bone and muscular dysfunction.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Schematic illustration of possible interactions of UC-MSCs following their systemic administration.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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