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. 2022 Oct 6:5:130-136.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.09.014. eCollection 2022 Dec.

High genotypic diversity of human papillomavirus among women in Cameroon: implications for vaccine effectiveness

Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket  1   2 , Joseph Fokam  1   2   3   4 , Samuel Martin Sosso  1 , Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue  1   5   6 , Bouba Yagai  1   6 , Rachel Kamgaing Simo  1 , Zacharie Sando  3   6 , Alex Durand Nka  1   6   7 , Gaëlle Panka Tchinda  8 , Désiré Takou  1   6 , Nadine Fainguem  1   6   7 , Collins Chenwi  1   3 , Aude Christelle Ka'e  1 , Aissatou Abba  1 , Marie Krystel Nnomo Zam  1   3 , Carlo-Federicco Perno  9 , Vittorio Colizzi  1   6   7 , Alexis Ndjolo  1   3
Affiliations

High genotypic diversity of human papillomavirus among women in Cameroon: implications for vaccine effectiveness

Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket et al. IJID Reg. .

Abstract

Background: The burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) is high in Cameroon, but knowledge on high-risk oncogenic HPV (HR-HPV) is limited. Our study sought to ascertain the HR-HPV genotypes circulating in Cameroon.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among non-vaccinated women in Cameroon. Detection of HR-HPV was performed by real-time PCR on cervico-vaginal swabs. Predictors of HR-HPV were determined following logistic regression analysis, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: In total, 364 women were enrolled, with a median age of 41 (34-50) years. Of these, 3.0% were smokers and 26.09% reported having more than three sexual partners. The overall HR-HPV positivity rate was 21.43% (95% CI 17.21-25.64). Predictors of HR-HPV were young age, i.e < 41 years (aOR (95% CI) 0.408 (0.194-0.862); p = 0.018), smoking (aOR 5.199 (1.314-20.575); p = 0.018), and having more than three sex partners (aOR: 2.335 (1.133-4.811); p = 0.022). Overall, 12 HR-HPV genotypes were identified, with 26.98% women coinfected with at least two HR-HPVs, including one case of a triple coinfection. According to to the circulating genotypes, potential vaccine effectiveness was 47% for the 4-valent vaccine and 70% for the 9-valent vaccine.

Conclusion: Within the Cameroonian context, at least one out of five women is likely to be an HR-HPV carrier, especially among young people, smokers, and those with multiple sexual partners. Importantly, HR-HPV infection is highly diversified, with vaccine efficacy ranging from about 47% (4-valent) to 70% (9-valent).

Keywords: Cameroon; HR-HPV; genotype; positivity rate; vaccination.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of participants according to HR-HPV types.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Vaccine coverage according to the available vaccines.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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