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. 2022 Sep;13(3):323-329.
doi: 10.30466/vrf.2021.137808.3076. Epub 2022 Sep 15.

The first outbreak of citrobacteriosis caused by Citrobacter gillenii in reared Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) in Turkiye

Mustafa Türe  1 , Ayşe Cebeci  1 , Tuna Özcelep  1
Affiliations

The first outbreak of citrobacteriosis caused by Citrobacter gillenii in reared Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) in Turkiye

Mustafa Türe et al. Vet Res Forum. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) is an endangered fish species and also an important resource for the sturgeon aquaculture industry in Turkiye. Recently, a fatal and persistent bacterial disease occurred in the reared sturgeon kept in a trout farm in Turkiye. The disease outbreak has been with notable external signs including petechial hemorrhages and systemic anemia. This outbreak lasted for six weeks, and cumulative mortality reached around 35.00 - 40.00%. In this study, no parasitic and viral agents were observed in the sturgeons. Citrobacter gillenii was isolated from the diseased fish and identified by biochemical and molecular methods including API 20E and 20NE and 16S rRNA gene region sequencing, respectively. As a result, C. gillenii was identified for the first time in Russian sturgeon in Turkiye. The sequence was also deposited under the Genbank with MW057770 accession number. According to the result of disc diffusion method, bacteria were sensitive to enrofloxacin, streptomycin, amoxicillin and oxytetracycline and resistant to penicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, florfenicol and erythromycin. Also, ampC, sul1 and floR resistance genes were detected in the isolated bacteria. The results of this study provide important information for the diagnosis and treatment of this newly emerged disease of Russian sturgeon.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Citrobacter gillenii; Fish diseases; Russian sturgeon.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
External and internal disorders in the sturgeon caused by bacteria. A) Hemorrhages around the mouth and abdominal area (arrows); B) Hemorrhages in the liver (arrow); C) Lethargy, swimming disorder and very pale appearance (arrow); D) Citrobacter gillenii growth on the blood agar
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A) Gel electrophoresis image of different resistance genes. M: 100 bp DNA marker; lane 1: ampC (550 bp); lane 2: sulI (433 bp); lane 3: floR (399). B) The image of polymerase chain reaction product belonging to Citrobacter gillenii strains. lane 1: Bacteria; P: Positive control; N: Negative control
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence of our isolate and various related microorganisms generated by neighboor-joining method. The numbers on branches indicate the percentage of bootstrap values of the 1,000 bootstrap replicates
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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