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. 2022 Oct 18;12(45):29569-29584.
doi: 10.1039/d2ra04011e. eCollection 2022 Oct 11.

Exploring the adsorption ability with sensitivity and reactivity of C12-B6N6, C12-Al6N6, and B6N6-Al6N6 heteronanocages towards the cisplatin drug: a DFT, AIM, and COSMO analysis

Md Golam Muktadir  1 , Ariful Alam  1 , Afiya Akter Piya  1 , Siraj Ud Daula Shamim  1
Affiliations

Exploring the adsorption ability with sensitivity and reactivity of C12-B6N6, C12-Al6N6, and B6N6-Al6N6 heteronanocages towards the cisplatin drug: a DFT, AIM, and COSMO analysis

Md Golam Muktadir et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

The DFT study on the adsorption behaviour of the C24, B12N12, and Al12N12 nanocages and their heteronanocages towards the anticancer drug cisplatin (CP) was performed in gas and water media. Among the three pristine nanocages, Al12N12 exhibited high adsorption energy ranging from -1.98 to -1.63 eV in the gas phase and -1.47 to -1.39 eV in water media. However, their heterostructures C12-Al6N6 and B6N6-Al6N6 showed higher interaction energies (-2.22 eV and -2.14 eV for C12-Al6N6 and B6N6-Al6N6) with a significant amount of charge transfer. Noteworthy variations in electronic properties were confirmed by FMO analysis and DOS spectra analysis after the adsorption of the cisplatin drug on B12N12 and B6N6-Al6N6 nanocages. Furthermore, an analysis of quantum molecular descriptors unveiled salient decrement in global hardness and increments in electrophilicity index and global softness occurred after the adsorption of CP on B12N12 and B6N6-Al6N6. On the other hand, the above-mentioned fluctuations are not so noteworthy in the case of the adsorption of CP on Al12N12, C12-B6N6, and C12-Al6N6. Concededly, energy calculation, FMO analysis, ESP map, DOS spectra, quantum molecular descriptors, dipole moment, COSMO surface analysis, QTAIM analysis, and work function analysis predict that B12N12 and B6N6-Al6N6 nanocages exhibit high sensitivity towards CP drug molecules.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Optimized structures of (a) C24, (b) B12N12, (c) Al12N12, (d) C12–B6N6, (e) C12–Al6N6 and (f) B6N6–Al6N6.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Optimized structures of (a) S1, (b) S2, (c) S3 and (d) S4 states of CP/C24 complex; (e) S1, (f) S2, (g) S3 and (h) S4 states of CP/B12N12 complexes and (i) S1, (j) S2, (k) S3 and (l) S4 states of CP/Al12N12 complexes, respectively.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. The total and partial DOS for (a) C24, (b) B12N12, (c) Al12N12, (d) C12–B6N6, (e) C12–Al6N6, and (f) B6N6–Al6N6 nano-cages before and after adsorption of CP drug molecule. The dotted line indicates the Fermi level.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Optimized structures of (a) S1, (b) S2, and (c) S3 states of CP/C12–B6N6 complexes; (d) S1, (e) S2, and (f) S3 states of CP/C12–Al6N6 complexes and (g) S1, (h) S2 and (i) S3 states of CP/B6N6–Al6N6 complexes, respectively.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. COSMO surfaces for (a) C24, (b) B12N12, (c) Al12N12, (d) C12–B6N6, (e) C12–Al6N6 and (f) B6N6–Al6N6, respectively.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. COSMO surfaces of our most stable states (a) CP/C24 (S3), (b) CP/B12N12 (S2), (c) CP/Al12N12 (S3), (d) CP/C12–B6N6 (S3), (e) CP/C12–Al6N6 (S2) and (f) CP/B6N6–Al6N6 (S2), respectively.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. The molecular graphs of the studied (a) CP/C24 (S3), (b) CP/B12N12 (S2), (c) CP/Al12N12 (S3), (d) CP/C12–B6N6 (S3), (e) CP/C12–Al6N6 (S2) and (f) CP/B6N6–Al6N6 (S2) complexes, respectively. The bond critical points are indicated by red solid circles.
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