Lipoprotein(a) and the risk of recurrent events in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

Background: The role of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) in risk stratification following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still debated. We aimed to investigate whether elevated Lp(a) levels in patients with AMI treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are associated with worse outcomes.

Methods: We designed a retrospective registry including patients with AMI undergoing PCI. The occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as death from cardiovascular causes, recurrent myocardial infarction, unplanned coronary revascularization and stroke, was assessed at follow-up and compared between patients with high (≥30 mg/dL) and low (<30 mg/dL) Lp(a) levels. Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed in order to assess independent predictors of MACCE.

Results: During a 3-year period (2018-2020) we identified 634 patients with AMI treated by PCI and known Lp(a) blood levels; follow-up visits were performed in 414 patients (median length 29 months [19-38]). Median Lp(a) level was 18 mg/dL [8-42]. The incidence of MACCE was significantly higher in high as compared to low Lp(a) group (log-rank P=0.018). The following independent predictors were identified at multivariate Cox regression: Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL (HR 1.82 [95% CI 1.04-3.19], peripheral artery disease (HR 4.62 [95% CI 2.50-8.54]), number of diseased coronary vessels (HR 1.51 [95% 1.03-2.24] and presence of a coronary chronic total occlusion at coronary angiography (HR 3.46 [95% CI 1.77-6.76]).

Conclusions: in this study, Lp(a) values ≥30 mg/dL were associated to worse outcomes in patients with AMI receiving PCI. Lp(a) could represent a useful tool to identify patients at high risk of recurrent events.