Increased mortality after kidney transplantation in mildly frail recipients

Abstract

Background: Physical Frailty Phenotype (PFP) is the most used frailty instrument among kidney transplant recipients, classifying patients as pre-frail if they have 1-2 criteria and as frail if they have ≥3. However, different definitions of robustness have been used among renal patients, including only those who have 0 criteria, or those with 0-1 criteria. Our aim was to determine the impact of one PFP criterion on transplant outcomes.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective study of 296 kidney transplant recipients who had been evaluated for frailty by PFP at the time of evaluating for transplantation.

Results: Only 30.4% of patients had 0 criteria, and an additional 42.9% showed one PFP criterion. As PFP score increased, a higher percentage of women and cerebrovascular disease were found. Recipients with 0-1 criteria had lower 1-year mortality after transplant than those with ≥2 (1.8% vs 10.1%), but this difference was already present when we only considered those who scored 0 (mortality 1.1%) and 1 (mortality 2.4%) separately. The multivariable analysis confirmed that one PFP criterion was associated to a higher risk of patient death after kidney transplantation [hazard ratio 3.52 (95% confidence interval 1.03-15.9)].

Conclusions: Listed kidney transplant candidates frequently show only one PFP frailty criterion. This has an independent impact on patient survival after transplantation.

Keywords: Fried; frailty phenotype; survival; transplant.

Graphical Abstract

Figure 1:

Kaplan-Meier survival curves of (A) patient death, (B) graft loss and (C) death-censored graft-loss among 296 KT recipients according to PFP score.