Gait and axial postural abnormalities correlations in Parkinson's disease: A multicenter quantitative study

Abstract

Introduction: Gait and axial postural abnormalities (PA) are common and disabling symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The interplay between them has been poorly explored.

Methods: A standardized protocol encompassing videos and photos for posture and gait analysis of PD patients with a clinically defined PA (MDS-UPDRS-III item 3.13 > 0) was used in 6 movement disorder centers. A comprehensive evaluation was performed to clarify the association between gait performance and the presence and severity of PA.

Results: 225 PD patients were enrolled: 57 had severe PA, 149 mild PA, and 19 did not meet criteria for PA, according to a recent consensus agreement on PA definition. PD patients with severe PA were significantly older (p:0.001), with longer disease duration (p:0.007), worse MDS-UPDRS-II and -III scores and axial sub-scores (p < 0.0005), higher LEDD (p:0.002) and HY stage (p < 0.0005), and a significantly lower velocity (p < 0.001) and cadence (p:0.021), if compared to mild PA patients. The multiple regression analysis evaluating gait parameters and degrees of trunk/neck flexion showed that higher degrees of lumbar anterior trunk flexion were correlated with lower step length (OR -0.244; p:0.014) and lower velocity (OR -0.005; p:0.028).

Conclusions: Our results highlight the possible impact of severe anterior trunk flection on PD patients' gait, with a specific detrimental effect on gait velocity and step length. Personalized rehabilitation strategies should be elaborated based on the different features of PA, aiming to target a combined treatment of postural and specifically related gait pattern alterations.

Keywords: Axial posture; Gait; Parkinson's disease; Postural abnormalities.