Conflict of interest: B.A.B. receives research support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the United States Department of Defense, as well as research grant funding from AstraZeneca, Axon, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic, Mesoblast, Novo Nordisk, and Tenax Therapeutics. B.A.B. has served as a consultant for Actelion, Amgen, Aria, Axon Therapies, BD, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Edwards Lifesciences, Eli Lilly, Imbria, Janssen, Merck, Novo Nordisk, NGM, NXT, and VADovations, and is named inventor (US Patent no. 10,307,179) for the tools and approach for a minimally invasive pericardial modification procedure to treat heart failure. Other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.