Principles for the Prevention of Medication-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Abstract

Medications are a common cause of injury to the kidney and can contribute to the increased progression of disease, poorer outcomes, and increased health care costs. Improved prescribing practices can decrease the risk for the development of acute kidney injury and the progression to end-stage kidney disease. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend the use of caution when prescribing potentially nephrotoxic medications for patients with kidney disease. More than 50-72% of individuals across all stages of kidney disease utilized potentially nephrotoxic medications contributing to poorer outcomes. Annually, 1.5 million adverse drug events causing medication-induced nephrotoxicity occur in the US. Medication-induced nephrotoxicity accounts for 14-26% of cases of AKI in adults and 16% of hospitalized children. It is imperative that nurses and all health care providers are practicing nephrotoxic stewardship to prevent medication-induced nephrotoxicity.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Chronic kidney injury; Kidney disease; Medication-induced kidney disease; Nephrotoxic medications.