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. 2021 Jul 20;6(2):85-93.
doi: 10.3138/jammi-2020-0036. eCollection 2021 Jun.

Clinical impact of accepting or rejecting a recommendation from a clinical decision support system-assisted antibiotic stewardship program

Affiliations

Clinical impact of accepting or rejecting a recommendation from a clinical decision support system-assisted antibiotic stewardship program

Esther Nadeau et al. J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can. .

Abstract

Background: Outcomes associated with physician responses to recommendations from an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) at an individual patient level have not yet been assessed. We aimed to compare clinical characteristics and mortality risk among patients for whom recommendations from an ASP were accepted or refused.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with hospitalized adults who received intravenous or oral antimicrobials at a 677-bed academic centre in Canada in 2014-2017. We included patients with an alert produced by a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for whom a recommendation was made by the pharmacist to the attending physician. The outcome was 90-day in-hospital all-cause mortality.

Results: We identified 3,197 recommendations throughout the study period, of which 2,885 (90.2%) were accepted. The median length of antimicrobial treatment was significantly shorter when a recommendation was accepted (0.26 versus 1.78 d; p < 0.001). Refusal of a recommendation was not associated with mortality (odds ratio 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 1.89; p = 0.12). The independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality were age, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, admission to a critical care unit, duration between admission and recommendation, and issuance of a recommendation on a carbapenem.

Conclusions: The duration of antimicrobial treatment was significantly shorter when a recommendation originating from a CDSS-assisted ASP program was accepted. Future prospective studies including potential residual confounding variables, such as the source of infection or physiological derangement, might help in understanding whether CDSS-assisted ASP will have a direct impact on patient mortality.

Historique: Les résultats liés aux réponses des médecins aux recommandations du programme de gestion antimicrobienne (PGA) n’ont pas encore été évalués à l’égard de chaque patient. Les chercheurs ont visé à comparer les caractéristiques cliniques et le risque de mortalité chez les patients dont les recommandations provenant d’une PGA ont été acceptées ou refusées.

Méthodologie: Les chercheurs ont procédé à une étude de cohorte prospective auprès d’adultes hospitalisés qui avaient reçu des antimicrobiens par voie intraveineuse ou orale à un centre universitaire de 667 lits composé de deux établissements du Canada entre 2014 et 2017. Ils ont inclus les patients pour qui s’était déclenchée une alerte produite par un système d’aide à la décision clinique (SADC) et pour qui le pharmacien avait fait une recommandation au médecin traitant. Le résultat était la mortalité toutes causes confondues après un séjour hospitalier de 90 jours.

Résultats: Les chercheurs ont extrait 3 197 recommandations tout au long de l’étude, dont 2 885 (90,2 %) ont été acceptées. La durée médiane du traitement antimicrobien était considérablement plus courte lorsqu’une recommandation était acceptée (0,26 par rapport à 1,78 jour; p < 0,001). Le refus d’une recommandation n’était pas associé à la mortalité (rapport de cotes de 1,32; IC de 95 %, 0,93 à 1,89; p = 0,12). Les facteurs de risque indépendants associés à la mortalité en milieu hospitalier étaient l’âge, l’indice de Charlson, l’admission dans une unité de soins intensifs, la période entre l’admission et la recommandation, et la formulation d’une recommandation sur un carbapénem.

Conclusion: La durée du traitement antimicrobien était beaucoup plus courte lorsque la recommandation d’un PGA assisté par un SADC était acceptée. De futures études prospectives incluant de potentielles variables confusionnelles résiduelles, telles que la source de l’infection ou le dérangement physiologique, pourraient contribuer à établir si un PGA assisté par un SADC aura des conséquences directes sur la mortalité des patients.

Keywords: antimicrobial stewardship; clinical decision support system; epidemiology; evaluation; mortality.

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Conflict of interest statement

JP, LV, MB, and VN are shareholders of Lumed, the company commercializing APSS.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Process of the clinical decision support system–assisted antibiotic stewardship program Lab = Laboratory data; Micro = Microbiological data; ADT = Admission, discharge, and transfer data; Pharm = Pharmacy data

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