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Review
. 2022 Dec;63(3):447-471.
doi: 10.1007/s12016-022-08956-8. Epub 2022 Nov 8.

Epigenetic Dysregulation in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Frederick Gibson  1 , Ailish Hanly  1 , Nicole Grbic  1 , Noah Grunberg  1 , Muzhou Wu  1 , Marianne Collard  2 , Rhoda M Alani  3
Affiliations
Review

Epigenetic Dysregulation in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Frederick Gibson et al. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Epigenetics is the study of heritable, reversible gene expression patterns that do not originate from alterations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression patterns and include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and gene regulation via non-coding RNAs. While the study of epigenetics has been most broadly applied to neoplastic diseases, the role of the epigenome in a wide range of disease processes including autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory processes is increasingly being recognized. Recent advances in the study of the epigenome have led to novel insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of various pathologic entities including inflammatory diseases. In this review, we examine the nature of epigenetic modifications in several well-studied autoimmune, allergic, and/or inflammatory disorders of the skin including systemic lupus erythematosus, vitiligo, systemic sclerosis, alopecia areata, pemphigus, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, keloidal scarring, and hidradenitis suppurativa with the aim to determine how such epigenetic changes may be targeted for therapeutic benefit.

Keywords: Autoimmunity; Chromatin; DNA methylation; Dermatological disease; Epigenetic; Histone modification; Inflammation; Skin.

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