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Review
. 2022 Nov 8;79(12):585.
doi: 10.1007/s00018-022-04614-6.

Omics-based biomarkers discovery for Alzheimer's disease

Qiaolifan Aerqin  1 , Zuo-Teng Wang  2 , Kai-Min Wu  1 , Xiao-Yu He  1 , Qiang Dong  1 , Jin-Tai Yu  3
Affiliations
Review

Omics-based biomarkers discovery for Alzheimer's disease

Qiaolifan Aerqin et al. Cell Mol Life Sci. .

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorders presenting with the pathological hallmarks of amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Over the past few years, great efforts have been made to explore reliable biomarkers of AD. High-throughput omics are a technology driven by multiple levels of unbiased data to detect the complex etiology of AD, and it provides us with new opportunities to better understand the pathophysiology of AD and thereby identify potential biomarkers. Through revealing the interaction networks between different molecular levels, the ultimate goal of multi-omics is to improve the diagnosis and treatment of AD. In this review, based on the current AD pathology and the current status of AD diagnostic biomarkers, we summarize how genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics are all conducing to the discovery of reliable AD biomarkers that could be developed and used in clinical AD management.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Epigenomics; Genomics; Metabolomics; Proteomics; Transcriptomics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Multi-omics approaches in AD. We list the methods currently available in each omics. GWAS Genome-wide association studies, WGS Whole-genome sequencing, WES Whole-exome sequencing, TS Targeted Sequencing, BS-sequencing Oxi- and Bisulfite sequencing, BS-array Bisulfite-modified DNA-based arrays, MSRE-PCR Methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-PCR, ESI Soft ionization techniques, MS–MS Tandem-Mass Spectrometry, LC–MS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, MALDI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, IMS MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF–MS Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight, iTRAQ Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantification, 2-DE Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 2D DIGE Differential Gel Electrophoresis, DML Dimethyl labels, MRM Multiple-reaction monitoring, SRM Selected reaction monitoring, QQQ Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
AD-related genes and their SNPs. The outer side of the circle is the genetic factors associated with AD in alphabetical order, and the inner side is the SNP sites of each gene associated with AD. Risk factors are marked in red, protective factors are marked in green, and blue stands for both. The circlize package of the R software (http://www.r-project.org/) was used to generate the diagram
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Transcriptomic biomarkers associated with AD. The diagram shows (from outside to inside): (1) related pathogenesis; (2) potential transcriptomic biomarkers; and (3) connection of different pathogenesis related to the same protein. The circlize package of the R software (http://www.r-project.org/) was used to generate the diagram
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Potential proteomic biomarkers associated with AD. The diagram shows (from outside to inside): (1) related pathogenesis; (2) potential proteomic biomarkers; and (3) connection of different pathogenesis related to the same protein. The circlize package of the R software (http://www.r-project.org/) was used to generate the diagram
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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