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Review
. 2022 Oct 24:10:1027358.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.1027358. eCollection 2022.

A methodological and clinical approach to measured energy expenditure in the critically ill pediatric patient

Jaime Silva-Gburek  1 , Paola Hong Zhu  2   3 , Marwa Mansour  2   3 , David Walding  3   4 , Jorge A Coss-Bu  2   3
Affiliations
Review

A methodological and clinical approach to measured energy expenditure in the critically ill pediatric patient

Jaime Silva-Gburek et al. Front Pediatr. .

Abstract

The metabolic response to injury and stress is characterized initially by a decreased energy expenditure (Ebb phase) followed by an increased metabolic expenditure (Flow phase). Indirect calorimetry is a methodology utilized to measure energy expenditure and substrate utilization by measuring gas exchange in exhaled air and urinary nitrogen. The use of indirect calorimetry in critically ill patients requires precise equipment to obtain accurate measurements. The most recent guidelines suggested that measured energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry be used to determine energy requirements. This article reviews the methodological and clinical use of indirect calorimetry in critically ill pediatric patients.

Keywords: basal metabolism; carbon dioxide production; critically ill; indirect calorimetry; oxygen consumption; pediatrics; respiratory coefficient; substrate oxidation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Graphic representation of metabolic equipment with mixing-chamber and its interface with mechanical ventilation. Modified from Weissman and Kemper (33).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Graphic representation of metabolic equipment with breath-by-breath analysis and its interface with mechanical ventilation. Modified from Weissman and Kemper (33).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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