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. 2022 Aug 30:27:65.
doi: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_552_21. eCollection 2022.

Isfahan COVID cohort study: Rationale, methodology, and initial results

Nizal Sarrafzadegan  1   2 , Noushin Mohammadifard  1 , Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard  3 , Fahimeh Haghighatdoost  4 , Fatemeh Nouri  5 , Mahshid Ahmadian  6 , Maryam Nasirian  7 , Maedeh Sayyah  8 , Jamshid Najafian  4 , Mohammadreza Shafiei  1 , Hassan Alikhasi  9 , Sahel Javanbakht  10 , Farzaneh Nilforoushzadeh  1 , Fahimeh Bagheri  1 , Shahla Shahidi  1 , Mostafa Rezaei  11 , Kamal Heidari  12 , Behrouz Keleidari  13 , Tahereh Changiz  14
Affiliations

Isfahan COVID cohort study: Rationale, methodology, and initial results

Nizal Sarrafzadegan et al. J Res Med Sci. .

Abstract

Background: The Isfahan COVID Cohort (ICC) study was designed to investigate the short- and long-term consequences of patients with COVID-19 in Iran. This report presents the rationale, methodology, and initial results of ICC.

Materials and methods: ICC is a 5-year multicentric prospective cohort study that is ongoing on two groups including 5000 patients hospitalized with moderate or severe and 800 nonhospitalized patients with mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 in Isfahan. The ICC endpoints are morbidity, mortality, incident cases, or worsening of underlying noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors. In the current analysis, we examined the persistent symptoms and incident NCDs or risk factors in 819 previously hospitalized patients who completed 1-year follow-up.

Results: The two most common symptoms were joint pain/myalgia (19.7%) and dry cough/dyspnea (18.7%). Around 60% of patients had at least one symptom which was more common among women than men and in middle aged than younger or older patients. Female (odds ratio [OR] =1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-2.55) and highly-educated patients (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.56-3.04) had higher risk of having any symptom in 1-year follow-up. New cases of hypertension followed by diabetes then coronary heart disease (CHD) were the most common incident NCDs.

Conclusion: During 1-year follow-up after hospital discharge, about 60% of patients experienced persistent symptoms. Incident hypertension, diabetes, and CHD were the most common events seen. Close monitoring and extensive health services with integrative approaches are needed to improve the health status of these patients.

Keywords: COVID-19; morbidity; mortality; outcome; prospective cohort study; symptom.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of study in both hospitalized and mild
Figure 2
Figure 2
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of any long COVID symptoms occurrence with age, sex, education and any underlying noncommunicable disease
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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