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. 2022 Oct 24:12:942964.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942964. eCollection 2022.

Immune cell-lipoprotein imbalance as a marker for early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer metastasis

Wei Zhang  1 , Weiwei Wang  1   2 , Junlu Wu  1 , Jiale Tian  1 , Wenhui Yan  3 , Yi Yuan  1 , Yiwen Yao  4 , Anquan Shang  1 , Wenqiang Quan  1
Affiliations

Immune cell-lipoprotein imbalance as a marker for early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer metastasis

Wei Zhang et al. Front Oncol. .

Erratum in

Abstract

The underlying molecular mechanisms and evolutionary patterns of lung cancer metastasis remain unclear, resulting in a lack of effective indicators for early diagnosis of metastasis. We retrospectively analyzed 117 patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) admitted to Tongji Hospital of Tongji University in 2021, of which 93 patients with tumor metastasis were set as the metastasis group. 24 patients without metastasis were set as the non-metastasis group. The differences of each index in the two groups of patients and the expression levels in different TNM stages were compared. This study intends to evaluate the diagnostic value and net clinical benefit of common blood-related indicators Neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), lymphocyte/monocyte (LMR), High density lipoprotein/neutrophil (HNR), High density lipoprotein/monocyte (HMR) and combined assays in NSCLC metastasis for the early diagnosis of patients with NSCLC metastasis. It was found that the level of NLR was higher in metastatic NSCLC than non-metastatic, but the level of LMR, HNR and HMR was lower. The levels of NLR, LMR, HNR and HMR in patients with different TNM stages showed that NLR levels increased with TNM stage, while LMR, HNR and HMR levels decreased. The threshold probability range of the 4 combined tests was greater and the overall clinical benefit rate was higher compared to the individual tests. Our findings suggest that NLR, LMR, HNR and HMR have better diagnostic value for NSCLC metastasis. This study provides a clinical basis for investigating the mechanisms by which immune cells and lipid metabolism-related proteins remodel the microenvironment prior to NSCLC metastasis.

Keywords: HNR; LMR; NLR; NSCLC; diagnostic markers; risk assessment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The expression levels of NLR, LMR, HNR, and HMR in metastatic and non-metastatic NSCLC patients. (A) The expression levels of NLR in metastatic and non-metastatic NSCLC patients. (B) The expression levels of LMR in metastatic and non-metastatic NSCLC patients. (C) The expression levels of HNR in metastatic and non-metastatic NSCLC patients. (D) The expression levels of HMR in metastatic and non-metastatic NSCLC patients.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Inter-group comparison of NLR, LMR, HNR, and HMR in different stages of metastatic and non-metastatic NSCLC groups. (A) Inter-group comparison of NLR in different stages of metastatic and non-metastatic NSCLC groups. (B) Inter-group comparison of LMR in different stages of metastatic and non-metastatic NSCLC groups. (C) Inter-group comparison of HNR in different stages of metastatic and non-metastatic NSCLC groups. (D) Inter-group comparison of HMR in different stages of metastatic and non-metastatic NSCLC groups. ns, p≥0.05; **p<0.01.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The diagnostic value of different blood markers in NSCLC metastasis (A) The diagnostic value of ANC in NSCLC metastasis. (B) The diagnostic value of ALC in NSCLC metastasis. (C) The diagnostic value of AMC in NSCLC metastasis. (D) The diagnostic value of PLT in NSCLC metastasis. (E) The diagnostic value of GLU in NSCLC metastasis. (F) The diagnostic value of TG in NSCLC metastasis diagnostic value in NSCLC metastasis. (G) The diagnostic value of TC in NSCLC metastasis. (H) The diagnostic value of HDL in NSCLC metastasis. (I) The diagnostic value of LDL in NSCLC metastasis. (J) The diagnostic value of TNM in NSCLC metastasis. (K) The diagnostic value of NLR in NSCLC metastasis. (L) The diagnostic value of HNR in NSCLC metastasis. (M) The diagnostic value of LMR in NSCLC metastasis. (N) The diagnostic value of HMR in NSCLC metastasis. (O) The diagnostic value of LMR+HNR+NLR+HMR in NSCLC metastasis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
NLR, LMR, HNR, HMR and the clinical decision curve of NSCLC metastasis. (Note: the x-axis represents the threshold probability, the Y-axis represents the net benefit, the black line represents the assumption that all patients did not have metastases, and the gray line represents the assumption that all patients did have metastases).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot of one-way logistic regression analysis of NLR, LMR, HNR, and HMR (two classification groups) in predicting NSCLC metastasis.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest plot of multifactorial logistic regression analysis of NLR, LMR, HNR, and HMR (two groups of classification) in predicting NSCLC metastasis. (Note: multifactor correction included variables ANC, ALC, AMC, HDL).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Forest plot of one-way logistic regression analysis of NLR, LMR, HNR, and HMR (four groups of classification) in predicting NSCLC metastasis.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Forest plot of multifactorial logistic regression analysis of NLR, LMR, HNR, and HMR (four groups of classification) in predicting NSCLC metastasis. (Note: multifactor correction included variables ANC, ALC, AMC, HDL).
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