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Review
. 2022 Nov 6;10(11):211.
doi: 10.3390/dj10110211.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Dental Fluorosis: A Systematic Review

Carlos González-Casamada  1 , Martina Nevarez-Rascón  2 , Alfredo Nevarez-Rascón  2 , María González-Galván  3 , Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza  4 , Ronell Bologna-Molina  5   6 , Leonor Sánchez-Pérez  7 , Nelly Molina-Frechero  7
Affiliations
Review

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Dental Fluorosis: A Systematic Review

Carlos González-Casamada et al. Dent J (Basel). .

Abstract

Genetic factors contribute to susceptibility and resistance to fluoride exposure. The aim of this systematic review was to identify alleles/genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with dental fluorosis (DF) and to identify them as protective or risk factors. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for articles; the last search was performed in August 2022. Human studies that analyzed the relationship between SNPs and DF published in English were included; systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. Methodological quality was graded using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Eighteen articles were included, 44% of which showed high methodological quality and data from 5,625 participants aged 6 to 75 years were analyzed. The SNPs COL1A2, ESR2, DLX1, DLX2, AMBN, TUFT1, TFIP11, miRNA17, and SOD2 were considered risk factors, and ESR1, MMP20, and ENAM were considered protective factors. In conclusion, there are alleles and genotypes of different single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in increasing or decreasing the risk of developing dental fluorosis.

Keywords: dental fluorosis; gene; polymorphism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for new systematic reviews, which includes searches of databases, registers, and other sources.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of articles selected by year of publication.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Risk of bias for each selected article. D1: Bias arising from the randomization process. D2: Bias due to deviations from the intended interventions. D3: Bias due to missing outcome data. D4: Bias in measurement of the outcome. D5: Bias in the selection of the report result [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Risk of bias for each domain and risk of general bias.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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