Enzyme-Treated Caviar Prevents UVB Irradiation-Induced Skin Photoaging

Abstract

For this research article, we investigated the protective effects of enzyme-treated caviar powder extract (CV) in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice and keratinocytes by confirming moisturizing-related factors and elasticity-related factors. UVB irradiation induced wrinkle formation, dehydration, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the dorsal skin of mice; however, these were suppressed in the CV-supplemented groups in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Furthermore, in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, CV treatment increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and the levels of sphingomyelin and hyaluronic acid and decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of IkB-α and p65 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that CV can directly protect keratinocytes against UVB irradiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, we suggest that CV can protect against UVB-induced skin photoaging. Therefore, we suggest that caviar is effective for skin health by preventing UVB-induced skin photoaging.

Keywords: UVB; caviar; oxidative stress; skin photoaging.

Figure 1

Effects of enzyme-treated caviar (CV) on morphological and histopathological changes (A), skin hydration (B), and antioxidant activities of SOD (C), CAT (D), and GPx (E) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Normal control (NC, −UVB), control (C, +UVB), L-ascorbic acid (positive control, PC; +UVB with dietary supplementation of L-ascorbic acid at 100 mg/kg/body weight [bw]), CV20 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 20 mg/kg/bw), CV50 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 50 mg/kg/bw), and CV100 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 100 mg/kg/bw). Values are presented as mean ± SD. Different letters (a > b > c > d > e) indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test. SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase.

Figure 2

Effects of enzyme-treated caviar (CV) on mRNA expression of TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), and IL-6 (C) and expression of IkB-α and p65 phosphorylation ((D), band image; (E), quantification of p-IkB-α/total IkB-α; (F), quantification of p-p65/total p65) in the dorsal skin of UVB irradiation-induced photoaging in mice. Normal control (NC, −UVB), control (C, +UVB), L-ascorbic acid (positive control, PC; +UVB with dietary supplementation of L-ascorbic acid at 100 mg/kg/body weight [bw]), CV20 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 20 mg/kg/bw), CV50 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 50 mg/kg/bw), and CV100 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 100 mg/kg/bw). Values are presented as mean ± SD. Different letters (a > b > c > d > e) indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test.

Figure 3

Effects of enzyme-treated caviar (CV) on protein expression of JNK/c-FOS/c-Jun/MMPs pathway (A) and mRNA expression of TGF-β RI (B), pro-collagen type I (C), and collagen type I (D) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Normal control (NC, −UVB), control (C, +UVB), L-ascorbic acid (positive control, PC; +UVB with dietary supplementation of L-ascorbic acid at 100 mg/kg/body weight [bw]), CV20 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 20 mg/kg/bw), CV50 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 50 mg/kg/bw), and CV100 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 100 mg/kg/bw). Values are presented as mean ± SD. Different letters (a > b > c > d > e) indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test.

Figure 4

Effects of enzyme-treated caviar (CV) on mRNA expression of HAS1 (A), HAS2 (B), and HAS3 (C), protein expression of CerS4 (D), and mRNA expression of SLC35D1 (E) and DEGS1 (F) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Normal control (NC, −UVB), control (C, +UVB), L-ascorbic acid (positive control, PC; +UVB with dietary supplementation of L-ascorbic acid at 100 mg/kg/body weight [bw]), CV20 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 20 mg/kg/bw), CV50 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 50 mg/kg/bw), and CV100 (+UVB with dietary supplementation of CV at 100 mg/kg/bw). Values are presented as mean ± SD. Different letters (a > b > c > d > e) indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test.

Figure 5

Effects of enzyme-treated caviar (CV) on antioxidant activities of SOD (A), CAT (B), and GPx (C), production of TNF-α (D), IL-1β (E), and IL-6 (F), and phosphorylation expression of IkB-α and p65 ((G), band image; (H), quantification of p-IkB-α/total IkB-α; (I), quantification of p-p65/total p65) in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Normal control (NC, −UVB), control (C, +UVB), L-ascorbic acid (positive control, PC; +UVB with L-ascorbic acid treatment at 100 μg/mL), CV50 (+UVB with treatment of CV at 50 μg/mL), CV100 (+UVB with treatment of CV at 100 μg/mL), and CV200 (+UVB with treatment of CV at 200 μg/mL). Values are presented as mean ± SD. Different letters (a > b > c > d > e) indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test.

Figure 6

Effects of enzyme-treated caviar (CV) on levels of sphingomyelin (A) and hyaluronic acid (B), mRNA expression of HAS1 (C), HAS2 (D), and HAS3 (E), protein expression of CerS4 (F), and mRNA expression of SLC35D1 (G) and DEGS1 (H) in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Normal control (NC, −UVB), control (C, +UVB), L-ascorbic acid (positive control, PC; +UVB with L-ascorbic acid treatment at 100 μg/mL), CV50 (+UVB with treatment of CV at 50 μg/mL), CV100 (+UVB with treatment of CV at 100 μg/mL), and CV200 (+UVB with treatment of CV at 200 μg/mL). Values are presented as mean ± SD. Different letters (a > b > c > d > e) indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test.