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. 2022 Nov 10;9(11):625.
doi: 10.3390/vetsci9110625.

Histological and Biochemical Analysis after Posterior Mandibular Displacement in Rats

Ioannis Lyros  1 , Despoina Perrea  2 , Konstantinos Tosios  3 , Nikolaos Nikitakis  3 , Ioannis A Tsolakis  4 , Efstratios Ferdianakis  1 , Eleni Fora  3 , Theodoros Lykogeorgos  5 , Michael P Maroulakos  1 , Emmanouil Vardas  3 , Maria Georgaki  3 , Erofili Papadopoulou  3 , Apostolos I Tsolakis  1   6
Affiliations

Histological and Biochemical Analysis after Posterior Mandibular Displacement in Rats

Ioannis Lyros et al. Vet Sci. .

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate any biochemical and histological changes of the rat condyle and mandible in animals that had sustained mandibular growth restriction. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups, experimental and control. Each group consisted of three equal subgroups. The animals were sacrificed 30, 60, and 90 days after the start of the experiment. Blood samples were collected from the eye, and the osteoprotegerin (OPG), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL), and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating factor (MCSF)concentrations were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. A histological analysis was performed on the mandibular condyles. The blood serum values of OPG, RANKL, and MCSF did not exhibit any statistically significant difference between groups or subgroups. However, significant histological changes became evident after a histomorphometric condylar examination was performed. The Bone Surface/Total Surface ratio appeared reduced in the anterior and posterior regions of the condyle. In addition, the Posterior Condylar Cartilage Thickness was measured and determined to be significantly diminished. The present intervention that employed orthodontic/orthopedic devices did not prove to have any significant effect on the circulating proteins under study. Posterior displacement of the mandible may culminate only in local histological alterations in condylar cartilage thickness and its osseous microarchitecture.

Keywords: MCSF; RANKL; class III malocclusion; condylar cartilage thickness; condylar growth; mandibular posterior displacement; orthodontic treatment; osteoprotegerin; rat.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Blood collection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Isolation of the mandibles.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Isolation of the condyles.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Histological images of the sagittal sections of the condyle (a). Condylar cartilage thickness measurements (anterior, middle, and posterior). (b). Square condylar head regions of interest (anterior and posterior), measuring 1.0 × 1.0 mm (H&E staining, original magnification ×20).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Histological images of the sagittal sections of the condyle (a). Condylar cartilage thickness measurements (anterior, middle, and posterior). (b). Square condylar head regions of interest (anterior and posterior), measuring 1.0 × 1.0 mm (H&E staining, original magnification ×20).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Estimated mean change (final–initial) and 95% confidence interval per group and timing in RANKL (a), OPG (b), MCSF (c), and OPG–RANKL ratio (d).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Estimated mean change (final–initial) and 95% confidence interval per group and timing in RANKL (a), OPG (b), MCSF (c), and OPG–RANKL ratio (d).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Estimated mean and 95% confidence interval per group and timing in Anterior Ratio Bone Surface/Total Surface (a), Posterior Ratio Bone Surface/Total Surface (b), Anterior Condylar Cartilage Thickness (c), Middle Condylar Cartilage Thickness (d), and Posterior Condylar Cartilage Thickness (e).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Estimated mean and 95% confidence interval per group and timing in Anterior Ratio Bone Surface/Total Surface (a), Posterior Ratio Bone Surface/Total Surface (b), Anterior Condylar Cartilage Thickness (c), Middle Condylar Cartilage Thickness (d), and Posterior Condylar Cartilage Thickness (e).
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