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. 2022 Nov 10;13(11):2087.
doi: 10.3390/genes13112087.

Mega Meta-QTLs: A Strategy for the Production of Golden Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Tolerant to Abiotic Stresses

Mahjoubeh Akbari  1 , Hossein Sabouri  1 , Sayed Javad Sajadi  1 , Saeed Yarahmadi  2 , Leila Ahangar  1 , Amin Abedi  3 , Mahnaz Katouzi  4
Affiliations

Mega Meta-QTLs: A Strategy for the Production of Golden Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Tolerant to Abiotic Stresses

Mahjoubeh Akbari et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

Abiotic stresses cause a significant decrease in productivity and growth in agricultural products, especially barley. Breeding has been considered to create resistance against abiotic stresses. Pyramiding genes for tolerance to abiotic stresses through selection based on molecular markers connected to Mega MQTLs of abiotic tolerance can be one of the ways to reach Golden Barley. In this study, 1162 original QTLs controlling 116 traits tolerant to abiotic stresses were gathered from previous research and mapped from various populations. A consensus genetic map was made, including AFLP, SSR, RFLP, RAPD, SAP, DArT, EST, CAPS, STS, RGA, IFLP, and SNP markers based on two genetic linkage maps and 26 individual linkage maps. Individual genetic maps were created by integrating individual QTL studies into the pre-consensus map. The consensus map covered a total length of 2124.43 cM with an average distance of 0.25 cM between markers. In this study, 585 QTLs and 191 effective genes related to tolerance to abiotic stresses were identified in MQTLs. The most overlapping QTLs related to tolerance to abiotic stresses were observed in MQTL6.3. Furthermore, three MegaMQTL were identified, which explained more than 30% of the phenotypic variation. MQTLs, candidate genes, and linked molecular markers identified are essential in barley breeding and breeding programs to develop produce cultivars resistant to abiotic stresses.

Keywords: MQTL; QTL; abiotic stresses; barley; consensus map; meta-analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The beginning of a Meta-QTL project to reach the Golden Barley.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Genomic localization of QTL for abiotic stresses in consensus map.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Genomic localization of QTL for abiotic stresses in consensus map.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Genomic localization of QTL for abiotic stresses in consensus map.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Genomic localization of QTL for abiotic stresses in consensus map.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic representation of the distribution pattern of the identified MQTL, QTL, and candidate genes on barley chromosomes. From the center of the plot moving to the outer circle (1) The innermost circle represents the no. of original QTLs (2) R2 of MQTL (3) Marker identified in the major MQTL region (4) MQTLs associated with abiotic stresses (5) Outermost circle represents the barley genome in MB. The red color circle indicates the number of chromosomes in the barley genome.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effective genes for tolerance to abiotic stresses were identified in the MQTLs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effective genes for tolerance to abiotic stresses were identified in the MQTLs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effective genes for tolerance to abiotic stresses were identified in the MQTLs.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Gene ontology analysis of identified candidate genes in MQTLs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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