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. 2022 Oct 31;10(11):2178.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare10112178.

Wrist Rigidity Evaluation in Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review

Camille Marques Alves  1   2 , Andressa Rastrelo Rezende  1 , Isabela Alves Marques  2   3 , Luanne Cardoso Mendes  2   3 , Angela Abreu Rosa de Sá  1 , Marcus Fraga Vieira  4 , Edgard Afonso Lamounier Júnior  5 , Adriano Alves Pereira  3 , Fábio Henrique Monteiro Oliveira  6 , Luciane Pascucci Sande de Souza  7 , Guy Bourhis  2 , Pierre Pino  2 , Adriano de Oliveira Andrade  3 , Yann Morère  2 , Eduardo Lázaro Martins Naves  1
Affiliations

Wrist Rigidity Evaluation in Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review

Camille Marques Alves et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

(1) Background: One of the main cardinal signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) is rigidity, whose assessment is important for monitoring the patient's recovery. The wrist is one of the joints most affected by this symptom, which has a great impact on activities of daily living and consequently on quality of life. The assessment of rigidity is traditionally made by clinical scales, which have limitations due to their subjectivity and low intra- and inter-examiner reliability. (2) Objectives: To compile the main methods used to assess wrist rigidity in PD and to study their validity and reliability, a scope review was conducted. (3) Methods: PubMed, IEEE/IET Electronic Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Bireme, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases were used. (4) Results: Twenty-eight studies were included. The studies presented several methods for quantitative assessment of rigidity using instruments such as force and inertial sensors. (5) Conclusions: Such methods present good correlation with clinical scales and are useful for detecting and monitoring rigidity. However, the development of a standard quantitative method for assessing rigidity in clinical practice remains a challenge.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; rigidity assessment; wrist rigidity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram illustrating the studies selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of selected studies per decade.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Methods used to assess wrist rigidity in the selected studies.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Applicability of the methods.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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