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Review
. 2022 Oct 28;11(21):6377.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11216377.

Global Trends in the Epidemiology and Management of Dyslipidemia

Tianxiao Liu  1 , Dong Zhao  1 , Yue Qi  1
Affiliations
Review

Global Trends in the Epidemiology and Management of Dyslipidemia

Tianxiao Liu et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Dyslipidemia, especially a circulating non-optimal level of cholesterol, is one of the most important risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which accounts for the most deaths worldwide. Maintaining a healthy level of blood cholesterol is an important prevention strategy for ASCVD, through lifestyle intervention or cholesterol-lowering therapy. Over the past three decades, the epidemiology and management of dyslipidemia has changed greatly in many countries. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the current epidemiologic features of dyslipidemia and challenges from a global perspective.

Keywords: dyslipidemia; epidemiology; guidelines; management; therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Top 10 countries with the highest and lowest age-standardized mean non-HDL-C levels in 1980 and 2018 for men and women. (A), Top 10 countries with the highest age-standardized mean non-HDL-C in men. (B), Top 10 countries with the highest age-standardized mean non-HDL-C in women. (C), Top 10 countries with the lowest age-standardized mean non-HDL-C in men. (D), Top 10 countries with the lowest age-standardized mean non-HDL-C for women. Data obtained from NCD-RisC study. Available online: https://www.ncdrisc.org (accessed on 1 July 2022) [13]. Abbreviations: non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Top 10 countries with the largest increases and decreases of age-standardized mean non-HDL-C levels from 1980 to 2018 for men and women. (A), Top 10 countries with the largest increase and decrease of age-standardized mean non-HDL-C in men. (B), Top 10 countries with the largest increase and decrease of age-standardized mean non-HDL-C in women. Data obtained from NCD-RisC study. Available online: https://www.ncdrisc.org (accessed on 1 July 2022) [13]. Abbreviations: non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Change in deaths from ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke attributable to high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by region in 1990 and 2019. (A), Change in deaths from ischemic heart disease attributable to high low-density lipoprotein in men. (B), Change in deaths from ischemic heart disease attributable to high low-density lipoprotein in women. (C), Change in deaths from ischemic stroke attributable to high low-density lipoprotein in men. (D), Change in deaths from ischemic stroke attributable to high low-density lipoprotein in women. Data obtained from GBD database available on https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/ (accessed on 1 July 2022) [14]. Abbreviations: IHD, ischemic heart disease.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Change in age-standardized death rates per 100,000 of the general population from ischemic heart disease attributable to high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between 1990 and 2019 by region for men (A) and women (B). Data obtained from the GBD database available on https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/ (accessed on 1 July 2022) [14]. Abbreviations: ASDRs, age-standardized death rates; IHD, ischemic heart disease.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Change in age-standardized death rates per 100,000 of the general population from ischemic stroke attributable to high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between 1990 and 2019 by region for men (A) and women (B). Data obtained from GBD database available on https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/ (accessed on 1 July 2022) [14]. Abbreviations: ASDRs, age-standardized death rates.
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