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. 2022 Oct 28;15(21):7570.
doi: 10.3390/ma15217570.

Development and Characterization of PBSA-Based Green Composites in 3D-Printing by Fused Deposition Modelling

Babacar Niang  1 , Nicola Schiavone  2 , Haroutioun Askanian  2 , Vincent Verney  2 , Diène Ndiaye  1 , Abdoulaye Bouya Diop  1
Affiliations

Development and Characterization of PBSA-Based Green Composites in 3D-Printing by Fused Deposition Modelling

Babacar Niang et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Fused deposition modelling is a rapidly growing additive manufacturing technology due to its ability to build functional parts with complex geometries. The mechanical properties of a built part depend on several process parameters. The effect of wood content on the properties of 3D printed parts has been studied. Four types of filaments using poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) with different reinforcement levels of Typha stem powder 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight were used for 3D printing. The density of the filaments and parts printed in this study increased with the Typha stem powder content. The thermal stability, mechanical performance, and viscoelastic properties of the different biocomposite filaments and 3D printed objects were analysed. The results show an increase in the crystallisation kinetics and a slight decrease in the thermal stability of the biomaterials. Compared to virgin PBSA FDM filaments, the PBSA biocomposite filament filled with Typha stem powder showed an increase in the tensile strength of the parts and specimens from 2.5 MPa to 8 MPa and in the modulus of elasticity from 160 MPa to 375 MPa, respectively, with additions of 5%, 10%, and 15% by mass. The addition of Typha stem fibres generated an increase in the elastic behaviour and relaxation time of the biomaterial structure, visualised by increases in the values of the viscosity components. The surface morphology reveals a decrease in the porosity of the printed samples.

Keywords: 3D printing; biomaterials; fusion deposition modeling; natural fibers; rheology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of a typical fused deposition modelling (FDM) device.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The tensile modulus of pure PBSA and its bio composites.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Tensile strength and maximum strain at break of pure virgin PBSA and biocomposites.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A): SEM micrographs of biocomposites. (a) PBSA/5 TT, (b) PBSA/10 TT, and (c) PBSA 15 TT. (B): Printed specimens of virgin PBSA and biocomposites. (a′) PBSA, (b′) PBSA/5 TT, (c′) PBSA/10 TT, and (d′) PBSA/15 TT.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Thermogravimetry (TGA) of virgin PBS and its biocomposites.
Figure 6
Figure 6
DSC thermograms of PBSA-based biomaterials.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Complex plane diagrams for all the composites at T = 180 °C.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Cubic geometry of Typha-PBSA biocomposite.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Charpy impact strength as a function of wood content.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Charpy samples as a function of Typha fibre content. (a) PBSA, (b) PBSA/5 TT, (c) PBSA/10 TT, and (d) PBSA/15 TT.
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