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. 2022 Nov 7;15(21):7837.
doi: 10.3390/ma15217837.

Microextrusion Printing of Hierarchically Structured Thick V2O5 Film with Independent from Humidity Sensing Response to Benzene

Philipp Yu Gorobtsov  1 , Artem S Mokrushin  1 , Tatiana L Simonenko  1 , Nikolay P Simonenko  1 , Elizaveta P Simonenko  1 , Nikolay T Kuznetsov  1
Affiliations

Microextrusion Printing of Hierarchically Structured Thick V2O5 Film with Independent from Humidity Sensing Response to Benzene

Philipp Yu Gorobtsov et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The process of V2O5 oxide by the combination of sol-gel technique and hydrothermal treatment using heteroligand [VO(C5H7O2)2-x(C4H9O)x] precursor was studied. Using thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and infra-red spectroscopy (IR), it was found that the resulting product was VO2(B), which after calcining at 300 °C (1 h), oxidized to orthorhombic V2O5. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results for V2O5 powder showed that it consisted of nanosheets (~50 nm long and ~10 nm thick) assembled in slightly spherical hierarchic structures (diameter ~200 nm). VO2 powder dispersion was used as functional ink for microextrusion printing of oxide film. After calcining the film at 300 °C (30 min), it was found that it oxidized to V2O5, with SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showing that the film structure retained the hierarchic structure of the powder. Using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), the work function value for V2O5 film in ambient conditions was calculated (4.81 eV), indicating a high amount of deficiencies in the sample. V2O5 film exhibited selective response upon sensing benzene, with response value invariable under changing humidity. Studies of the electrical conductivity of the film revealed increased resistance due to high film porosity, with conductivity activation energy being 0.26 eV.

Keywords: V2O5; VO2; acetylacetonate; alkoxoacetylacetonate; electric conductivity; gas sensor; hierarchical structure; hydrothermal synthesis; microextrusion printing; work function.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scheme of V2O5 powder and film preparation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Results of simultaneous thermal analysis for oxide powder after drying: (a) IR-spectra for the powder after drying and after annealing at 300 °C; (b) Diffractograms for the powder after drying and after annealing at 300 °C (c).
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM results for oxide powder after annealing at 300 °C.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Diffractogram for V2O5 film on Pt/Al2O3/Pt chip.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Microstructure for the printed V2O5 film (according to SEM).
Figure 6
Figure 6
AFM results for the printed V2O5 film: Topography (a,b), maps of potential surface distribution (c), and gradient in capacity of “probe tip-sample surface” capacitor distribution (d).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Experimental curves of changes in sensing response during detection of benzene in the concentration range of 4–100 ppm (a); Dependence of sensing response to benzene from its concentration (b).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Experimental curves of resistance change upon sensing 20 ppm of benzene at varying relative humidity (a); Dependence of sensing response to 20 ppm of benzene from relative humidity (b); Selectivity diagram: sensing responses to various analyte gases at 300 °C (c).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Frequency dependencies of the printed V2O5 film conductivity at various temperatures (a); Temperature dependence of conductivity for the film (b).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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