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Review
. 2022 Oct 26;14(11):2293.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112293.

Advanced Drug Delivery Platforms for the Treatment of Oral Pathogens

Seyed Ebrahim Alavi  1 , Aun Raza  2 , Max Gholami  1 , Michael Giles  1 , Rayan Al-Sammak  1 , Ali Ibrahim  1 , Hasan Ebrahimi Shahmabadi  3 , Lavanya A Sharma  1
Affiliations
Review

Advanced Drug Delivery Platforms for the Treatment of Oral Pathogens

Seyed Ebrahim Alavi et al. Pharmaceutics. .

Abstract

The oral cavity is a complex ecosystem accommodating various microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi). Various factors, such as diet change and poor oral hygiene, can change the composition of oral microbiota, resulting in the dysbiosis of the oral micro-environment and the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms, and consequently, oral infectious diseases. Systemic administration is frequently used for drug delivery in the treatment of diseases and is associated with the problems, such as drug resistance and dysbiosis. To overcome these challenges, oral drug delivery systems (DDS) have received considerable attention. In this literature review, the related articles are identified, and their findings, in terms of current therapeutic challenges and the applications of DDSs, especially nanoscopic DDSs, for the treatment of oral infectious diseases are highlighted. DDSs are also discussed in terms of structures and therapeutic agents (e.g., antibiotics, antifungals, antiviral, and ions) that they deliver. In addition, strategies (e.g., theranostics, hydrogel, microparticle, strips/fibers, and pH-sensitive nanoparticles), which can improve the treatment outcome of these diseases, are highlighted.

Keywords: antibacterial agents; drug resistance; infection control; microbiology; oral pathology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Drug delivery platforms used in the treatment of oral diseases.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A theranostics nanoparticle used for disease diagnosis, therapy, and monitoring.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Localized antibiotic delivery using an adhesive nanoparticle-hydrogel hybrid system to prevent the growth of bacteria under flow conditions. In this platform, dopamine methacrylamide, comprising a functional catechol group, is used as an adhesive moiety.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Drug delivery systems for the treatment of oral candidiasis using (A) lipid-based nanoparticles, (B) nanofiber mat, (C) bioadhesive hydrogel, and (D) denture materials modified by prolonged miconazole release. The denture materials modified by copolymer improve binding with miconazole, resulting in prolonged drug release.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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