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Review
. 2022 Oct 28;14(21):4578.
doi: 10.3390/polym14214578.

Environmental Properties and Applications of Biodegradable Starch-Based Nanocomposites

Ashoka Gamage  1 , Punniamoorthy Thiviya  2 , Sudhagar Mani  3 , Prabaharan Graceraj Ponnusamy  3 , Asanga Manamperi  4 , Philippe Evon  5 , Othmane Merah  5   6 , Terrence Madhujith  7
Affiliations
Review

Environmental Properties and Applications of Biodegradable Starch-Based Nanocomposites

Ashoka Gamage et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

In recent years, the demand for environmental sustainability has caused a great interest in finding novel polymer materials from natural resources that are both biodegradable and eco-friendly. Natural biodegradable polymers can displace the usage of petroleum-based synthetic polymers due to their renewability, low toxicity, low costs, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The development of novel starch-based bionanocomposites with improved properties has drawn specific attention recently in many applications, including food, agriculture, packaging, environmental remediation, textile, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields. This paper discusses starch-based nanocomposites, mainly with nanocellulose, chitin nanoparticles, nanoclay, and carbon-based materials, and their applications in the agriculture, packaging, biomedical, and environment fields. This paper also focused on the lifecycle analysis and degradation of various starch-based nanocomposites.

Keywords: biodegradability; carbon nanotubes; graphene; life cycle analysis; nanocomposites; packaging; remediation; starch.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Starch granule structure and the chemical structure of amylopectin and amylose.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Examples of various types of nanomaterials based on the number of dimensions in the nanometer range.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Classification of materials based on dimensionality.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Nanoparticle synthesis methods: top-down and bottom-up approach.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Classification of the nanocomposites.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Cellulose chemical structure and schematic diagram of the formation of cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Types of nanocelluloses.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Chemical structure of chitin and schematic diagram of the formation of chitin nanowhiskers.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Applications of starch-based nanocomposites.
Figure 10
Figure 10
A general framework for the LCA of nanocomposite materials.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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