Optimal stomatal theory predicts CO₂ responses of stomatal conductance in both gymnosperm and angiosperm trees

Anna Gardner^{1

2}, Mingkai Jiang^{3

4}, David S Ellsworth³, A Robert MacKenzie^{1

5}, Jeremy Pritchard^{1

2}, Martin Karl-Friedrich Bader⁶, Craig V M Barton³, Carl Bernacchi⁷, Carlo Calfapietra⁸, Kristine Y Crous³, Mirindi Eric Dusenge⁹, Teresa E Gimeno^{10

11}, Marianne Hall¹², Shubhangi Lamba¹³, Sebastian Leuzinger¹⁴, Johan Uddling¹³, Jeffrey Warren¹⁵, Göran Wallin^{13

16}, Belinda E Medlyn³

Affiliations

¹ Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
² School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
³ Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
⁴ College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
⁵ School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
⁶ Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, 351 95, Sweden.
⁷ USDA-ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
⁸ Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy.
⁹ Western Centre for Climate Change, Sustainable Livelihoods and Health, Department of Geography, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.
¹⁰ CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain.
¹¹ Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, 48940, Spain.
¹² Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden.
¹³ Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden.
¹⁴ Auckland University of Technology, Institute of Earth and Oceanic Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Private Bag 92006 (Mail No C-43), Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
¹⁵ Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
¹⁶ Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK.

PMID: 36373000
DOI: 10.1111/nph.18618

Free article

Meta-Analysis

Optimal stomatal theory predicts CO₂ responses of stomatal conductance in both gymnosperm and angiosperm trees

Anna Gardner et al. New Phytol. 2023 Feb.

Free article

. 2023 Feb;237(4):1229-1241.

doi: 10.1111/nph.18618. Epub 2022 Dec 15.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
² School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
³ Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
⁴ College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
⁵ School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
⁶ Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, 351 95, Sweden.
⁷ USDA-ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
⁸ Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy.
⁹ Western Centre for Climate Change, Sustainable Livelihoods and Health, Department of Geography, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.
¹⁰ CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain.
¹¹ Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, 48940, Spain.
¹² Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden.
¹³ Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden.
¹⁴ Auckland University of Technology, Institute of Earth and Oceanic Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Private Bag 92006 (Mail No C-43), Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
¹⁵ Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
¹⁶ Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK.

PMID: 36373000
DOI: 10.1111/nph.18618

Abstract

Optimal stomatal theory predicts that stomata operate to maximise photosynthesis (A_net ) and minimise transpirational water loss to achieve optimal intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). We tested whether this theory can predict stomatal responses to elevated atmospheric CO₂ (eCO₂ ), and whether it can capture differences in responsiveness among woody plant functional types (PFTs). We conducted a meta-analysis of tree studies of the effect of eCO₂ on iWUE and its components A_net and stomatal conductance (g_s ). We compared three PFTs, using the unified stomatal optimisation (USO) model to account for confounding effects of leaf-air vapour pressure difference (D). We expected smaller g_s , but greater A_net , responses to eCO₂ in gymnosperms compared with angiosperm PFTs. We found that iWUE increased in proportion to increasing eCO₂ in all PFTs, and that increases in A_net had stronger effects than reductions in g_s . The USO model correctly captured stomatal behaviour with eCO₂ across most datasets. The chief difference among PFTs was a lower stomatal slope parameter (g₁ ) for the gymnosperm, compared with angiosperm, species. Land surface models can use the USO model to describe stomatal behaviour under changing atmospheric CO₂ conditions.

Keywords: climate change; deciduous; evergreen; free-air CO2 enrichment; photosynthesis; water-use efficiency.

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References

1. Adams MA, Buckley TN, Turnbull TL. 2020. Diminishing CO2-driven gains in water-use efficiency of global forests. Nature Climate Change 10: 466-471.
1. Ainsworth EA, Long SP. 2005. What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2. New Phytologist 165: 351-372.
1. Ainsworth EA, Rogers A. 2007. The response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to rising [CO2]: Mechanisms and environmental interactions. Plant, Cell & Environment 30: 258-270.
1. Bader MKF, Leuzinger S, Keel SG, Siegwolf RTW, Hagedorn F, Schleppi P, Körner C. 2013. Central european hardwood trees in a high-CO2 future: synthesis of an 8-year forest canopy CO2 enrichment project. Journal of Ecology 101: 1509-1519.
1. Bader MKF, Mildner M, Baumann C, Leuzinger S, Körner C. 2016. Photosynthetic enhancement and diurnal stem and soil carbon fluxes in a mature Norway spruce stand under elevated CO2. Environmental and Experimental Botany 124: 110-119.

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Optimal stomatal theory predicts CO₂ responses of stomatal conductance in both gymnosperm and angiosperm trees

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Optimal stomatal theory predicts CO₂ responses of stomatal conductance in both gymnosperm and angiosperm trees

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