Organelle homeostasis: from cellular mechanisms to disease

Abstract

The major criterion that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes is the presence of organelles in the former. Organelles provide a compartment in which biochemical processes are corralled within bespoke biophysical conditions and act as storage depots, powerhouses, waste storage/recycling units and innate immune signalling hubs. A key challenge faced by organelles is to define, and then retain, their identity; this is mediated by complex proteostasis mechanisms including the import of an organelle-specific proteome, the exclusion of non-organellar proteins and the removal of misfolded proteins via dedicated quality control mechanisms. This Special Issue on Organelle Homeostasis provides an engaging, eclectic, yet integrative, perspective on organelle homeostasis in a range of organelles including those from the secretory and endocytic pathways, mitochondria, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and the nucleus and its sub-compartments. Some lesser-known organelles including migrasomes (organelles that are released by migrating cells) and GOMED (a Golgi-specific form of autophagy) are also introduced. In the spirit of the principles of organelle biology, we hope you find the reviews in this Issue both encapsulating and captivating, and we thank the authors for their excellent contributions.

Keywords: endoplasmic reticulum; mitochondria; nucleus; organelle homeostasis; quality control.