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. 2022 Nov 4;378(6619):538-543.
doi: 10.1126/science.abg3395. Epub 2022 Nov 3.

Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068

IceCube Collaboration*†R AbbasiM AckermannJ AdamsJ A AguilarM AhlersM AhrensJ M AlameddineC AlispachA A Alves JrN M AminK AndeenT AndersonG AntonC ArgüellesY AshidaS AxaniX BaiA Balagopal VA BarbanoS W BarwickB BastianV BasuS BaurR BayJ J BeattyK-H BeckerJ Becker TjusC BellenghiS BenZviD BerleyE BernardiniD Z BessonG BinderD BindigE BlaufussS BlotM BoddenbergF BontempoJ BorowkaS BöserO BotnerJ BöttcherE BourbeauF BradascioJ BraunB BrinsonS BronJ Brostean-KaiserS BrowneA BurgmanR T BurleyR S BusseM A CampanaE G Carnie-BroncaC ChenZ ChenD ChirkinK ChoiB A ClarkK ClarkL ClassenA ColemanG H CollinJ M ConradP CoppinP CorreaD F CowenR CrossC DappenP DaveC De ClercqJ J DeLaunayD Delgado LópezH DembinskiK DeoskarA DesaiP DesiatiK D de VriesG de WasseigeM de WithT DeYoungA DiazJ C Díaz-VélezM DittmerH DujmovicM DunkmanM A DuVernoisE DvorakT EhrhardtP EllerR EngelH ErpenbeckJ EvansP A EvensonK L FanA R FazelyA FedynitchN FeiglS FiedlschusterA T FienbergK FilimonovC FinleyL FischerD FoxA FranckowiakE FriedmanA FritzP FürstT K GaisserJ GallagherE GansterA GarciaS GarrappaL GerhardtA GhadimiC GlaserT GlauchT GlüsenkampA GoldschmidtJ G GonzalezS GoswamiD GrantT GrégoireS GriswoldC GüntherP GutjahrC HaackA HallgrenR HallidayL HalveF HalzenM Ha MinhK HansonJ HardinA A HarnischA HaungsD HebeckerK HelbingF HenningsenE C HettingerS HickfordJ HignightC HillG C HillK D HoffmanR HoffmannB Hokanson-FasigK HoshinaF HuangM HuberT HuberK HultqvistM HünnefeldR HussainK HymonS InN IovineA IshiharaM JanssonG S JaparidzeM JeongM JinB J P JonesD KangW KangX KangA KappesD KappesserL KardumT KargM KarlA KarleU KatzM KauerM KellermannJ L KelleyA KheirandishK KinT KintscherJ KirylukS R KleinR KoiralaH KolanoskiT KontrimasL KöpkeC KopperS KopperD J KoskinenP KoundalM KovacevichM KowalskiT KozynetsE KunN KurahashiN LadC Lagunas GualdaJ L LanfranchiM J LarsonF LauberJ P LazarJ W LeeK LeonardA LeszczyńskaY LiM LincettoQ R LiuM LiubarskaE LohfinkC J Lozano MariscalL LuF LucarelliA LudwigW LuszczakY LyuW Y MaJ MadsenK B M MahnY MakinoS MancinaI C MarişI Martinez-SolerR MaruyamaK MaseT McElroyF McNallyJ V MeadK MeagherS MechbalA MedinaM MeierS Meighen-BergerJ MicallefD MocklerT MontaruliR W MooreR MorseM MoulaiR NaabR NagaiR NahnhauerU NaumannJ NeckerL V NguyenH NiederhausenM U NisaS C NowickiD NygrenA Obertacke PollmannM OehlerB OeyenA OlivasE O'SullivanH PandyaD V PankovaN ParkG K ParkerE N PaudelL PaulC Pérez de Los HerosL PetersJ PetersonS PhilippenS PieperM PittermannA PizzutoM PlumY PopovychA PorcelliM Prado RodriguezP B PriceB PriesG T PrzybylskiC RaabJ Rack-HelleisA RaissiM RameezK RawlinsI C ReaA RehmanP ReichherzerR ReimannG RenziE ResconiS ReuschW RhodeM RichmanB RiedelE J RobertsS RobertsonG RoellinghoffM RongenC RottT RuheD RyckboschD Rysewyk CantuI SafaJ SafferS E Sanchez HerreraA SandrockJ SandroosM SantanderS SarkarS SarkarK SataleckaM SchaufelH SchielerS SchindlerT SchmidtA SchneiderJ SchneiderF G SchröderL SchumacherG SchweferS SclafaniD SeckelS SeunarineA SharmaS ShefaliM SilvaB SkrzypekB SmithersR SnihurJ SoedingreksoD SoldinC SpannfellnerG M SpiczakC SpieringJ StachurskaM StamatikosT StanevR SteinJ StettnerA SteuerT StezelbergerR StokstadT StürwaldT StuttardG W SullivanI TaboadaS Ter-AntonyanS TilavF TischbeinK TollefsonC TönnisS ToscanoD TosiA TrettinM TselengidouC F TungA TurcatiR TurcotteC F TurleyJ P TwagirayezuB TyM A Unland ElorrietaN Valtonen-MattilaJ VandenbrouckeN van EijndhovenD VanneromJ van SantenS VerpoestC WalckT B WatsonC WeaverP WeigelA WeindlM J WeissJ WeldertC WendtJ WerthebachM WeyrauchN WhitehornC H WiebuschD R WilliamsM WolfK WoschnaggG WredeJ WulffX W XuJ P YanezS YoshidaS YuT YuanZ ZhangP Zhelnin

Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068

IceCube Collaboration*† et al. Science. .

Abstract

A supermassive black hole, obscured by cosmic dust, powers the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Neutrinos, which rarely interact with matter, could provide information on the galaxy's active core. We searched for neutrino emission from astrophysical objects using data recorded with the IceCube neutrino detector between 2011 and 2020. The positions of 110 known gamma-ray sources were individually searched for neutrino detections above atmospheric and cosmic backgrounds. We found that NGC 1068 has an excess of [Formula: see text] neutrinos at tera-electron volt energies, with a global significance of 4.2σ, which we interpret as associated with the active galaxy. The flux of high-energy neutrinos that we measured from NGC 1068 is more than an order of magnitude higher than the upper limit on emissions of tera-electron volt gamma rays from this source.

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