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Case Reports
. 2023 Feb:76:101745.
doi: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101745. Epub 2022 Nov 12.

Concurrent pulmonary Aspergillus and non-Aspergillus mold infections in allogeneic hematopoetic cell transplant recipients

Varshini Gali  1 , Anna Kaltsas  2 , Melvilí Cintrón  3 , Genovefa A Papanicolaou  2 , Yeon Joo Lee  4
Affiliations
Case Reports

Concurrent pulmonary Aspergillus and non-Aspergillus mold infections in allogeneic hematopoetic cell transplant recipients

Varshini Gali et al. Transpl Immunol. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Patients with hematologic malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at high risk for invasive mold infections (IMIs). However, risk factors and clinical manifestations are similar between Aspergillus spp. and non-Aspergillus spp. IMIs. Herein, we describe three HCT recipients who had probable invasive pulmonary Aspergillus and non-Aspergillus co-infections. Antifungal agents were changed to voriconazole in two cases where, ultimately, non-Aspergillus molds were diagnosed after these patients died. Our cases highlight the need for better fungal diagnostics in immunocompromised patients. Clinicians should be aware that Aspergillus spp. and non-Aspergillus spp. IMIs can occur concurrently.

Keywords: Concurrent infections; Hematopoietic cell transplantation; Invasive mold infections.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential conflicts of interest. GAP has served as an investigator for Merck & Co Inc, and Shire/Takeda and has received research grant support from Merck & Co Inc, and consulting and other fees from Astellas, Merck & Co Inc, Takeda, Cidara, Amplyx, AlloVir, Octapharma Vera, and Symbio. YJL has served as an investigator for Astellas, Karius, AiCuris, and Scynexis and has received research grant support from Merck & Co Inc.

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