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. 2022 Sep 1;12(3):1-11.
doi: 10.37796/2211-8039.1326. eCollection 2022.

LEP G2548A polymorphism is associated with increased serum leptin and insulin resistance among T2DM Malaysian patients

Layth Ahmed Ali  1 , Khairunadwa Jemon  1 , Nurriza Ab Latif  1 , Suhaili Abu Bakar  2 , Sharifah Sakinah Syed Alwi  2
Affiliations

LEP G2548A polymorphism is associated with increased serum leptin and insulin resistance among T2DM Malaysian patients

Layth Ahmed Ali et al. Biomedicine (Taipei). .

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic syndrome that is rapidly increasing across the world, especially in Malaysia. Leptin plays a vital role in the regulation of metabolism through its effect on peripheral tissues. G2548A polymorphism in the LEP gene promoter has been associated with insulin resistance, leptin, and type 2 diabetes mellitus across different population, but has not been inclusively reported within the Malaysian population.

Objective: Thus, our study aimed to investigate the impact of G2548A polymorphism on serum leptin levels and insulin resistance among Malaysian T2DM patients.

Methods: This case-control study involved 150 T2DM patients and 150 non-diabetic volunteers from ethnic Malays, Chinese and Indians. Genotyping of G2548A polymorphism was carried out using PCR-RFLP. Serum leptin and insulin levels were determined via ELISA. ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to determine the distribution of genotypes and allelic frequencies based on serum leptin and insulin levels.

Results: Frequency of AA genotype and A allele of G2548A variant were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T2DM patients of Malay and Indian ethnicities (4%, 35%, and 36%, 57%, respectively) as compared to the control groups (0%, 22%, and 18%, 35%, respectively). Fasting serum leptin levels were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in T2DM patients compared to non-diabetic subjects (166.78 pg/ml, 101.94 pg/ml, respectively). Additionally, elevated serum leptin, insulin levels, and BMI in diabetic patients were found to be associated with the AA genotype of this variant, compared to GG, and GA genotypes (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest a significant association between G2548A polymorphism among Malaysian T2DM subjects, particularly among Malay and Indian ethnic groups. Moreover, the A allele frequency of the G2548A variant significantly increased the risk of T2DM and is significantly associated with increased serum leptin, insulin levels, and elevated BMI.

Keywords: G2548A polymorphism; Leptin; Malaysian's population; insulin; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest The authors have nothing to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The enzymatic digestion of G2548A on 3% agarose gel. L is a 100 bp DNA ladder. GA (281, 172, 109 bp) indicates heterozygous. AA (172, 109 pb) indicates homozygous. GG (281 bp) indicates wild type.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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