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Review
. 2022 Oct 24;11(4):331-346.
doi: 10.7762/cnr.2022.11.4.331. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Metabolic Syndrome: Review in the Era of COVID-19

Behnaz Abiri  1 , Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi  2 , Mahdi Hejazi  3 , Shirin Amini  4
Affiliations
Review

Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Metabolic Syndrome: Review in the Era of COVID-19

Behnaz Abiri et al. Clin Nutr Res. .

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now at pandemic levels leading to considerable morbidity and mortality throughout the globe. Patients with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are mainly susceptible and more probably to get severe side effects when affected by this virus. The pathophysiologic mechanisms for these notions have not been completely known. The pro-inflammatory milieu observed in patients with metabolic disruption could lead to COVID-19-mediated host immune dysregulation, such as immune dysfunction, severe inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and thrombosis. The present review expresses the current knowledge regarding the influence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and MetS on COVID-19 infection and severity, and their pathophysiological mechanisms.

Keywords: COVID-19; Diabetes mellitus; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; SARS-CoV-2.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Related mechanisms between obesity, diabetes mellitus, and MetS with COVID-19.
MetS, metabolic syndrome; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; IL, interleukin; CVD, cardiovascular disease; FFA, free fatty acid; TLR, Toll-like receptor.
Figure 2
Figure 2. COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, cytokine storm: a vicious cycle.
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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