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Review
. 2022 Sep;17(Suppl 1):S21-S28.
doi: 10.4103/jpn.JPN_48_22. Epub 2022 Sep 19.

Applications of 3D Photography in Craniofacial Surgery

Christian Duncan  1 , Nick E Pears  2 , Hang Dai  3 , Will A P Smith  2 , Paul O'Higgins  4
Affiliations
Review

Applications of 3D Photography in Craniofacial Surgery

Christian Duncan et al. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) photography is becoming more common in craniosynostosis practice and may be used for research, archiving, and as a planning tool. In this article, an overview of the uses of 3D photography will be given, including systems available and illustrations of how they can be used. Important innovations in 3D computer vision will also be discussed, including the potential role of statistical shape modeling and analysis as an outcomes tool with presentation of some results and a review of the literature on the topic. Potential future applications in diagnostics using machine learning will also be presented.

Keywords: 3D computer vision; 3D morphable models; 3D photogrammetry; craniosynostosis; outcomes; principal component analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A 3D image of the author can be viewed from any perspective
Figure 2
Figure 2
Left: the 3dMDhead system with five 3D cameras arranged to capture the human head. Center: view of the 3D image with color–texture applied to the 3D mesh. Right: raw 3D point cloud from infrared-based active stereo
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pre-op and post-op images of the same patient (left and far right in gray scale, respectively) with combined (center) demonstrating shape change by precise surface-based alignment
Figure 4
Figure 4
A heatmap overlay of pre- and post-operative images of scaphocephaly correction patients pose and scale normalized on LYHM 0–16 calvarium. Yellow indicates large difference when compared with mean shape and blue indicates little difference
Figure 5
Figure 5
Pose alignment of multiple profiles using best fit ellipse fitted to the calvarium. The centroid on each sample is aligned and rotation is calibrated to a line drawn at a standard angle to the nasion. Any overlay method of comparing photographs requires a standardized pose
Figure 6
Figure 6
A 3D image of the author, landmarked, and with a warp-affined mesh applied as part of the pipeline for manufacture of a 3dMM
Figure 7
Figure 7
A point cloud representation of sample images from LYHM 0 to 16 years according to three principal components of change. The red circles outside the cloud represent pre-op sagittal synostosis patients, whereas the blue crosses within the cloud are post-ops
Figure 8
Figure 8
A movie of 0–16 LYHM morphing through various modes of variation
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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