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. 2023 Feb;58(1):122-130.
doi: 10.1111/jre.13074. Epub 2022 Nov 18.

Macrophages contribute to periodontal wound healing mainly in the tissue proliferation stage

Bin Chen  1   2 , Songying Li  1   2 , Yaqin Chang  1   3 , Jiading Zhang  1   3 , Jiaying Liu  1   2 , Yingchun Dong  2   4 , Fuhua Yan  1   2
Affiliations

Macrophages contribute to periodontal wound healing mainly in the tissue proliferation stage

Bin Chen et al. J Periodontal Res. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the preliminary role of macrophages in different stages of periodontal healing.

Background: Macrophages are promising target cells for periodontal regeneration. However, the stage at which they play a more important role during periodontal repair has not been elucidated till date.

Methods: First, the dynamic changes in M1 and M2 macrophages were analyzed in a rat periodontal-defect model at Days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-surgery. Macrophages were then depleted after 1, 6, and 14 days of surgery, and the healing results were evaluated via micro-computed tomography and histopathological detection. Finally, the effects of M1 and M2 macrophages on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were verified in vitro.

Results: During natural periodontal healing, the number of M1 macrophages increased the most during the early stage of healing (3 days post-operation), and subsequently, it decreased rapidly. The number of M2 macrophages was at its peak during the middle and late stages of tissue healing (5-21 days post-surgery). Interestingly, the highest number of M2 macrophages was observed at 5-14 days post-operation in the alveolar bone, while it was observed at 21 days post-operation in the cementum area. On the first and 14th day post-operation, the clearance of macrophages had no significant effect on tissue healing; however, on the sixth day post-operation, macrophage depletion significantly inhibited tissue regeneration (p < .05). In vitro studies showed that M2 macrophages, rather than M1 macrophages, could significantly promote the proliferation of MSCs (p < .01).

Conclusion: It is better to intervene in tissue proliferation phase when a M2 macrophage regulation-based periodontal regenerative therapy is planned in the future.

Keywords: M2 macrophages; macrophages; periodontal regeneration; wound healing.

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References

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