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. 2022 Dec 15:443:120489.
doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120489. Epub 2022 Nov 8.

Secondhand smoke exposure is independently associated with stroke among non-smoking adults in West Africa

Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle  1 , Osahon Jeffery Asowata  2 , Adekunle G Fakunle  3 , Onoja Matthew Akpa  4 , Fred S Sarfo  5 , Albert Akpalu  6 , Kolawole Wahab  7 , Reginald Obiako  8 , Morenikeji Komolafe  9 , Lukman Owolabi  10 , Godwin O Osaigbovo  11 , Hemant K Tiwari  12 , Joshua Akinyemi  2 , Carolyn Jenkins  13 , Oyedunni Arulogun  14 , Philip Ibinaiye  8 , Lambert Appiah  5 , Atinuke M Agunloye  15 , Abiodun M Adeoye  16 , Joseph Yaria  17 , Benedict Calys-Tagoe  6 , Ezinne O Uvere  17 , Godwin Ogbole  15 , Francis Agyekum  6 , Taofeek A Sanni  18 , Ganiyu A Amusa  11 , Mayowa Ogunronbi  19 , Samuel Olowookere  19 , Olayemi Balogun  8 , James A Ogunmodede  7 , Oladotun V Olalusi  17 , Diala Samuel  17 , Aliyu Mande  10 , Musbahu Rabiu  10 , Philip Adebayo  20 , Adeniyi Sunday  7 , Lucius Chidiebere Imoh  11 , Ayodipupo S Oguntade  21 , Abiodun Ajose  17 , Arti Singh  5 , Oluwayemisi T Adeegbe  17 , Yaw Mensah  6 , Michael B Fawale  9 , Salaam Abdul  11 , Joyce Ikubor  22 , Afolaranmi Tolulope  11 , Isah S Yahaya  10 , Cynthia Akisanya  19 , Chidi J Odo  15 , Richard Efidi  23 , Innocent I Chukwuonye  24 , Vincent Shidali  25 , Akintunde Adebowale  9 , Kenneth A Ohagwu  24 , Osimhiarherhuo O Adeleye  19 , Henry Iheonye  26 , Adeseye Akintunde  27 , Eunice Olabinri  18 , Josephine Akpalu  6 , Julius Adesina  19 , Ugochukwu Onyeonoro  24 , Akinola Onasanya  28 , Donna K Arnett  29 , Daniel Lackland  30 , Rufus Akinyemi  31 , Bruce Ovbiagele  32 , Mayowa Owolabi  33 ; SIREN
Affiliations

Secondhand smoke exposure is independently associated with stroke among non-smoking adults in West Africa

Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle et al. J Neurol Sci. .

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, but little is known about the contribution of secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) to stroke epidemiology among indigenous Africans.

Objective: To evaluate the association of SHSE with stroke among indigenous Africans.

Methods: We analyzed the relationship of SHSE with stroke among 2990 case-control pairs of adults who had never smoked (identified in the SIREN study) using conditional logistic regression at a two-sided P < 0.05.

Results: Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval; 1.25 (1.04, 1.50; P = 0.02) revealed SHSE was positively associated with stroke independent of stroke subtypes.

Conclusion: Culturally relevant primary prevention strategies targeted at SHSE might be promising in preventing stroke among Africans.

Keywords: Haemorrhagic stroke; Ischaemic stroke; SIREN; Secondhand smoking; Stroke.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The SIREN study was a multi-centre case-control study among West Africans from Nigeria and Ghana. The overall coordinating Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the SIREN study was the University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria (UI/EC/13/0105). IRB at all study sites approved the study, and all respondents provided written informed consent before participation in the study.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Prevalence of SHSE in the entire sample (a), among cases and controls (b), stratified by stroke subtypes (c), sex (d), age groups (e) and country of residence (f) of respondents in the SIREN population. †Proportion of those with SHSE between the two groups was statistically different (P < 0.05).
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Full model of the conditional logistic regression adjusting for highest education completed (none, primary school and above), monthly income (<$100, ≥$100), ever used alcohol (no, yes), physical Inactivity (no, yes), obesity (<30kg/m2, ≥ 30kg/m2), diabetes (no, yes), SBP (in mmHg, continuous), DBP (in mmHg, continuous) and dyslipidaemia (no, yes).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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