Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Feb;41(1):87-106.
doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2022.05.004. Epub 2022 Oct 31.

Immunopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinical Update

Carlos A Pérez  1 , Fernando X Cuascut  2 , George J Hutton  2
Affiliations
Review

Immunopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinical Update

Carlos A Pérez et al. Neurol Clin. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent nontraumatic disabling neurologic condition among young adults worldwide. The diagnosis and management of MS is complex. The goal of this review is to provide an updated and practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment approaches in MS, emphasizing current understanding of immunopathogenesis, recent advances, and future directions, for both MS and non-MS clinicians.

Keywords: Central nervous system; Demyelination; Diagnosis; Multiple sclerosis; Treatment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure C.A. Pérez received postgraduate fellowship support from Genentech and has participated in advisory boards for Sanofi. F.X. Cuascut received research funding from Genentech and Biogen and has participated in advisory boards for Genentech, Biogen, Horizon, and Pharma Novartis and Horizon. G.J. Hutton received research funding from Biogen, Hoffman-La Roche, Sanofi, MedImmune, and Novartis and has participated in advisory boards for Novartis and Horizon.