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. 2022 Nov 1;26(5):366-73.
doi: 10.52547/ibj.3722.

Preparation, Optimization, and Investigation of Naringenin-Loaded Microemulsion for Topical Application

Anayatollah Salimi  1   2 , Sara Amirimoghadam  2 , Farid Bagheri  2
Affiliations

Preparation, Optimization, and Investigation of Naringenin-Loaded Microemulsion for Topical Application

Anayatollah Salimi et al. Iran Biomed J. .

Abstract

Background: Flavonoids are a large group of phenolic compounds possessing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. NAR is a flavonoid with various pharmacological properties. Using pharmaceutical compounds on skin is one of the routes of administration to achieve local and systemic effects. The aim of this study was to develop a topical formulation of NAR by the preparation of a NAR ME, which was further tested its skin permeability in rats.

Methods: Eight 0.5% NAR MEs were prepared by mixing appropriate amounts of surfactant (Tween 80 and Labrasol), cosurfactant (Capryol 90) and the oil phase (oleic acid-Transcutol P in a ratio of 1:10). The drug was dissolved in the oil phase. The physicochemical properties of MEs such as droplet size, viscosity, release, and skin permeability were assessed using Franz Cells diffusion.

Results: Based on the results, the droplet size of MEs ranged between 5.07 and 35.15 nm, and their viscosity was 164-291 cps. Independent factors exhibited a strong relationship with both permeability and drop size. The permeability findings revealed that the diffusion coefficient of NAR by the ME carrier increased compared to the drug saturation solution.

Conclusion: The most validated results were obtained for Jss and particle size. Optimal formulations containing MEs with Jss and particle sizes varying between minimum and maximum amounts are suitable for topical formulations of NAR.

Keywords: Naringenin-Loaded Microemulsion; Topical Application; Treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of the oil-s/c mixture-water system ambient temperature. Dark areas show ME zone
Fig 2
Fig 2
Solubility profile of NAR in different components of ME
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Particle size of optimal formulation in comparison with other formulations
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The surface diagram of droplet size (nm), water (w) percentage, and oil percentage. Pz, particle size
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Rheogram viscosity (cps) versus the shear rate of MEs at 25 °C (mean ± SD of triplicate experiments)
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Cumulative release graph of NAR ME formulations
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
The Jss flux of optimal formulation in comparison with other formulations
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