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Review
. 2022 Jul 14;21(2):1873-1882.
doi: 10.1007/s40200-022-01081-5. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Role of butyrogenic Firmicutes in type-2 diabetes

Meenu Mariya James  1 , Namrata Pal  1 , Poonam Sharma  1 , Manoj Kumawat  1 , Swasti Shubham  1 , Vinod Verma  2 , Rajnarayan R Tiwari  1 , Birbal Singh  3 , Ravinder Nagpal  4 , Devojit Kumar Sarma  1 , Manoj Kumar  1
Affiliations
Review

Role of butyrogenic Firmicutes in type-2 diabetes

Meenu Mariya James et al. J Diabetes Metab Disord. .

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this review is to speculate the pre-clinical and clinical evidences indicating the association between butyrate-synthesizing firmicutes and development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methodology: Literature was searched using 'Google Scholar' and 'PubMed' to find out most relevant articles for the scope of this review. Information was also gathered from authentic sources such as the World Health Organisation and the International Diabetes Federation.

Results: Evidences suggest that an abnormal perturbation in the gut microbiome characterized by subsided levels of butyrate-producing bacteria may gradually result in the progression of type-2 diabetes; however, the explicit mechanisms underlying and implicating the role of specific butyrate-producing microbes remain unclear.

Conclusions: This review explicitly summarizes the role of butyrate-synthesizing firmicutes known to be reduced in the subjects with type-2 diabetes mellitus in host metabolic health and contemplates the putative and reported mechanisms underlying its implication in the pathophysiology of type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Butyrate; Butyric acid; Diabetes; Firmicutes; Gut; Microbiota; Microflora.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Acetyl-CoA pathway in the synthesis of butyrate by the butyrogenic firmicutes is displayed. PFL-Pyruvate-formate lyase; PFOR- pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; PTB- Phosphor-trans-butyrylase
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Protective role of butyrate in type-2 diabetes. The ameliorative role of butyrogenic firmicutes in type-2 diabetes via maintaining and promoting gut health primarily through the production of short-chain fatty acid butyrate
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