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. 2022 Nov 15:10:e14362.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14362. eCollection 2022.

Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and diagnostic validity of a prediction score, in patients visiting orthropedic clinics in the Madinah region of Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Shabir Ahmad Mir #  1 , Mamdooh Noor #  1 , Md Dilshad Manzar  2 , Bader Alshehri  1 , Mohammed Alaidarous  1   3 , Abdul Aziz Bin Dukhyil  1 , Saeed Banawas  1   3   4 , Yahya Madkhali  1 , Sadaf Jahan  1 , Faizan Z Kashoo  5 , Danish Iqbal  1 , Qamar Zia  1   3 , Suliman A Alsagaby  1 , Sahar ALDosari  1
Affiliations

Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and diagnostic validity of a prediction score, in patients visiting orthropedic clinics in the Madinah region of Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Shabir Ahmad Mir et al. PeerJ. .

Abstract

Introduction: In Saudi Arabia, the epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not well studied and is marked by inconsistencies in clinical diagnosis. Therefore, in this study, we explored the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic validity of a prediction score based upon disease markers in orthropedic clinics' patients in the Madinah region of Saudi Arabia.

Method: The clinical data for this retrospective cross-sectional study were retrieved from the database registry of orthopedic clinics in selected hospitals of the Medinah province of Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic features, disease markers and the clinical characteristics were collected for a period of 6 months, from December 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021. The prediction score was generated from the sum of disease markers, coded as dichotomous variables.

Results: The total sample size of our study was 401. The prevalence of RA in the study subjects (n = 401) was 14.46% (n = 58). Among RA patients, the majority were females (60.3%). Painful joints (69%) and swollen joints (51.7%) were the most common clinical complaints among RA patients. RA patients suffered from arthritis (51.7%) and experienced fatigue (46.6%), weight loss (44.8%), and loss of appetite (41.4%). Diabetes (55.2%) was the most common comorbidity in the RA patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the prediction score at the criterion score of 2.5 were 67.3% and 63.0%, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.69 (95% CI [0.62-0.76]).

Conclusion: There was a moderately high prevalence of RA in patients visiting the orthropedic clinics of the selected hospitals of Madinah region of Saudi Arabia. The diagnostic validity of the prediction score, though promising, was slightly lower than the acceptable range.

Keywords: Clinical presentation; Co-morbidity; Diagnosis; Disease marker; Rheumatoid arthritis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Receiver operating curve.
(A) Line of no discrimination (AUC = 0.5), (B) prediction score based on the presence of six disease markers (painful joint count, swollen joint count, ESR (>28 mm/h), CRP level (>8 mg/L), rheumatoid Factor (≥20), and erosive arthritis) (AUC = 0.69), and (C) perfect test (AUC = 1.0). AUC, area under curve.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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