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Review
. 2022 Nov 2:16:1046692.
doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1046692. eCollection 2022.

Cognitive impairment in psychiatric diseases: Biomarkers of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Yafen Wang  1 , Weicheng Meng  1 , Zhixin Liu  1 , Qunxing An  1 , Xingbin Hu  1
Affiliations
Review

Cognitive impairment in psychiatric diseases: Biomarkers of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Yafen Wang et al. Front Cell Neurosci. .

Abstract

Psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and major depressive disorder, place a huge health burden on society. Cognitive impairment is one of the core characteristics of psychiatric disorders and a vital determinant of social function and disease recurrence in patients. This review thus aims to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of cognitive impairment in major psychiatric disorders and identify valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of patients.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; biomarkers; bipolar disorder; cognitive impairment; major depressive disorder; psychiatric diseases; schizophrenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
An overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in psychiatric diseases. Genetic studies of psychiatric disorders usually include genome-wide association studies (GWAS), rare copy number variation (CNV) studies, and Next generation sequencing (NGS) studies. Genetics relies on variation and allele frequency data to infer essential risk genes and population genetic analyses for cognitive function; Epigenetics of cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders include DNA methylation (GAD67, RELN, BDNF, etc.), histone modifications (GAD67, BDNF, etc.), and various microRNAs (miR-137, miR-219, and miR-195), which typically inhibits the expression of their targets; Neurotransmitters deficits involved in cognitive impairment of psychiatric disorders include the glutamatergic system (NMDAR), the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system (D1R, D3R, and D4R), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system (E/I balance), and serotonin system (5-HT); Peripheral inflammatory factors and neurotrophic factors associated with cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders include IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP, BDNF, etc.; The metabolism and microbial gut-brain axis are critical bidirectional communication systems in cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders; Stem cells (iPSCs, MSCs, and NSCs) provide an efficient in vitro modeling and therapeutic approach for the mechanism research of cognitive impairment in mental illness.
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