Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of monkeypox in children: an experts' consensus statement

Rong-Meng Jiang¹, Yue-Jie Zheng², Lei Zhou³, Lu-Zhao Feng⁴, Lin Ma⁵, Bao-Ping Xu⁶, Hong-Mei Xu⁷, Wei Liu⁸, Zheng-De Xie⁹, Ji-Kui Deng¹⁰, Li-Juan Xiong¹¹, Wan-Jun Luo¹², Zhi-Sheng Liu¹³, Sai-Nan Shu¹⁴, Jian-She Wang¹⁵, Yi Jiang¹⁶, Yun-Xiao Shang¹⁷, Miao Liu¹⁶, Li-Wei Gao⁶, Zhuang Wei¹⁸, Guang-Hua Liu¹⁹, Gang Liu²⁰, Wei Xiang²¹, Yu-Xia Cui²², Gen Lu²³, Min Lu²⁴, Xiao-Xia Lu²⁵, Run-Ming Jin²⁶, Yan Bai²⁶, Le-Ping Ye²⁷, Dong-Chi Zhao²⁸, A-Dong Shen²⁹, Xiang Ma³⁰, Qing-Hua Lu², Feng-Xia Xue⁶, Jian-Bo Shao³¹, Tian-You Wang³², Zheng-Yan Zhao³³, Xing-Wang Li¹, Yong-Hong Yang^{2

29}, Kun-Ling Shen^{34

35}

Affiliations

¹ Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
² Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China.
³ Branch for Emerging Infectious Disease, Public Health Emergency Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
⁴ School of Population Medicine & Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Science/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
⁵ Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
⁶ Department of Respiratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
⁷ Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
⁸ Tianjin Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
⁹ Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
¹⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China.
¹¹ Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
¹² Office of Infection Management, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
¹³ Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
¹⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
¹⁵ Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health(Shanghai), Shanghai, 201102, China.
¹⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
¹⁷ Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
¹⁸ Children's Health Care Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
¹⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
²⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
²¹ Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570312, China.
²² Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
²³ Department of Respiratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
²⁴ Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 200062, China.
²⁵ Department of Respiratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
²⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
²⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
²⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
²⁹ Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
³⁰ Department of Respiratory, Jinan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China.
³¹ Radiology Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
³² Hematology and Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
³³ Department of Developmental Behavior, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
³⁴ Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China. kunlingshen1717@163.com.
³⁵ Department of Respiratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China. kunlingshen1717@163.com.

PMID: 36409451
PMCID: PMC9685019
DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00624-3

Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of monkeypox in children: an experts' consensus statement

Rong-Meng Jiang et al. World J Pediatr. 2023 Mar.

. 2023 Mar;19(3):231-242.

doi: 10.1007/s12519-022-00624-3. Epub 2022 Nov 21.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
² Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China.
³ Branch for Emerging Infectious Disease, Public Health Emergency Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
⁴ School of Population Medicine & Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Science/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
⁵ Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
⁶ Department of Respiratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
⁷ Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
⁸ Tianjin Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
⁹ Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
¹⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China.
¹¹ Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
¹² Office of Infection Management, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
¹³ Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
¹⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
¹⁵ Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health(Shanghai), Shanghai, 201102, China.
¹⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
¹⁷ Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
¹⁸ Children's Health Care Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
¹⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
²⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
²¹ Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570312, China.
²² Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
²³ Department of Respiratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
²⁴ Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 200062, China.
²⁵ Department of Respiratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
²⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
²⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
²⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
²⁹ Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
³⁰ Department of Respiratory, Jinan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China.
³¹ Radiology Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
³² Hematology and Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China.
³³ Department of Developmental Behavior, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
³⁴ Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China. kunlingshen1717@163.com.
³⁵ Department of Respiratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health(Beijing), Beijing, 100045, China. kunlingshen1717@163.com.

PMID: 36409451
PMCID: PMC9685019
DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00624-3

Abstract

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease. Since the first human monkeypox case was detected in 1970, it has been prevalent in some countries in central and western Africa. Since May 2022, monkeypox cases have been reported in more than 96 non-endemic countries and regions worldwide. As of September 14, 2022, there have been more than 58,200 human monkeypox cases, and there is community transmission. The cessation of smallpox vaccination in 1980, which had some cross-protection with monkeypox, resulted in a general lack of immunity to monkeypox, which caused global concern and vigilance. As of September 14, 2022, there are four monkeypox cases in China, including three in Taiwan province and one in Hong Kong city. Previous foreign studies have shown that children are vulnerable to monkeypox and are also at high risk for severe disease or complications. In order to improve pediatricians' understanding of monkeypox and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, and early disposal, we have organized national authoritative experts in pediatric infection, respiratory, dermatology, critical care medicine, infectious diseases, and public health and others to formulate this expert consensus, on the basis of the latest "Clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox" released by The World Health Organization, the "guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (version 2022)" issued by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and other relevant documents. During the development of this consensus, multidisciplinary experts have repeatedly demonstrated the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, prevention, disposal process, and key points of prevention and control of suspected and confirmed cases.

Keywords: Children; Consensus; Diagnosis; Monkeypox; Prevention; Treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no financial or non-financial conflict of interest relevant to this paper to disclose. Authors Tian-You Wang, Zheng-Yan Zhao, Yong-Hong Yang and Kun-Ling Shen are members of the Editorial Board for the journal. The paper was handled by the other Editor and has undergone rigrous peer review process. Authors Tian-You Wang, Zheng-Yan Zhao, Yong-Hong Yang and Kun-Ling Shen were not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript.

References

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Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of monkeypox in children: an experts' consensus statement

Affiliations

Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of monkeypox in children: an experts' consensus statement

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Research Materials