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. 2022 Nov 21;80(1):240.
doi: 10.1186/s13690-022-00998-w.

The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hadi Tehrani #  1   2 , Abdolhalim Rajabi #  3 , Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh  4 , Mahbobeh Nejatian  5 , Alireza Jafari  6
Affiliations

The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hadi Tehrani et al. Arch Public Health. .

Retraction in

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this systematic review study was to determine the national, regional, and global prevalence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) vaping.

Method: The articles were searched in July 2020 without a time limit in Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, PubMed, and Ovid-MEDLINE. At first, the titles and abstracts of the articles were reviewed, and if they were appropriate, they entered the second stage of screening. In the second stage, the whole articles were reviewed and articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. In this study, search, selection of studies, qualitative evaluation, and data extraction were performed by two authors independently, and any disagreement between the two authors was reviewed and corrected by a third author.

Results: In this study, the lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping globally were 23% and 11%, respectively. Lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in women were 16% and 8%, respectively. Also, lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in men were 22% and 12%, respectively. In this study, the current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in who had lifetime smoked conventional cigarette was 39%, and in current smokers was 43%. The lifetime prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in the Continents of America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania were 24%, 26%, 16%, and 25%, respectively. The current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in the Continents of America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania were 10%, 14%, 11%, and 6%, respectively.

Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the popularity of e-cigarettes is increasing globally. Therefore, it is necessary for countries to have more control over the consumption and distribution of e-cigarettes, as well as to formulate the laws prohibiting about the e-cigarettes vaping in public places. There is also a need to design and conduct information campaigns to increase community awareness about e-cigarettes vaping.

Keywords: Electronic cigarette; Electronic nicotine; Global; Tobacco; Vaping.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of the systematic review process using PRISMA checklist
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pooled lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in all subjects
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Pooled lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in women
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Pooled lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in men
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Pooled lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in all subjects by study population, continent, type of study, and tools assessment
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Pooled current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in ex-smokers and current smokers
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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