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. 2023 Jan;41(1):257-262.
doi: 10.1007/s00345-022-04223-9. Epub 2022 Nov 22.

Assessing the readability and quality of online information about benign prostatic hyperplasia

Tremearne Hotz  1 , Maya T Zhou  1 , Molly E Reissmann  2 , Michel Apoj  2 , Shaun E L Wason  2 , David S Wang  3
Affiliations

Assessing the readability and quality of online information about benign prostatic hyperplasia

Tremearne Hotz et al. World J Urol. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Purpose: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) affects nearly half of men in their fifties. Patients often search the Internet to better understand their diagnosis, but online health information is not well regulated and can be difficult for patients to comprehend. This study aims to evaluate not only readability, but also the quality of online information about BPH, as well as the effect of commercial bias on readability and quality.

Methods: Three search engines (Google, Bing, and DuckDuckGo) were used with broad search terms including "BPH," "BPH treatment," and "BPH surgery," to mimic a patient diagnosed with BPH seeking further information. 204 total websites were identified, of which 62 were unique websites. Among those unique websites, 23 were advertisements. Three readability formulas (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, SMOG) were used to generate readability scores. DISCERN standardized questionnaire was used to evaluate website quality.

Results: Average reading level of online information about BPH was significantly higher than the recommended level by the American Medical Association (AMA) and United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Advertisements had significantly easier readability than nonadvertisements. Average website quality was "excellent" for nonadvertisements, but only "fair" for advertisements.

Conclusion: Although advertisements may hold optimal search result positions and have better readability than nonadvertisements, they have biased and lower quality information. It is important to guide patients to high quality online information of appropriate reading level. Continued efforts should be made to create and share with patients high quality resources with improved readability to facilitate comprehension and minimize misinformation.

Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia; Internet; Online information; Quality; Readability.

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