Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

Purpose of review: The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of profiles of adaptive behavior in autism spectrum disorder and highlight the importance of these everyday skills in optimizing self-sufficiency throughout life.

Recent findings: Research has clearly confirmed that adaptive deficits exist in ASD, particularly in social skills. These impairments are highly associated with co-occurring conditions such as executive functioning impairments, psychiatric conditions, and even psychosis. There tends to be a discrepancy between intellectual capacity and adaptive functioning, particularly in autistic individuals without cognitive and language delays, with this gap widening between childhood and adulthood. Although cognition and language skills are associated with good outcome in ASD, they are insufficient in the absence of intact adaptive behavior. There is a critical need to emphasize the importance of adaptive functioning in diagnostic evaluations and treatment/intervention programs to ensure that every autistic individual has the potential for success.

Keywords: Adaptive behavior; Adaptive functioning, Adaptive skills; Autism spectrum disorders.