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. 2022:5:42.
doi: 10.21037/pm-21-70. Epub 2022 Nov 28.

Acanthosis nigricans in the pediatric population: a narrative review of the current approach to management in primary care

Samara Pollock  1 , Meghana Rajashekara Swamy  1 , Elise Schlissel Tremblay  2 , Lisa Shen  1
Affiliations

Acanthosis nigricans in the pediatric population: a narrative review of the current approach to management in primary care

Samara Pollock et al. Pediatr Med. 2022.

Abstract

Objective: This narrative review aims to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the current literature of acanthosis nigricans (AN) in the pediatric and adolescent population, including best practices for identifying the condition, with a focus on the recommended management in the primary care setting to enable early and enhanced intervention.

Background: AN is frequently seen in obese and overweight children and adolescents. Current research suggests an association with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity, and often primary care physicians are the first point of contact for individuals with this dermatologic condition. However, identifying the condition at an early stage may be difficult.

Methods: We identified case and cross-sectional studies, clinical trials, and literature reviews of pediatric AN for ages 0 to 18 years in the United States and internationally. We considered publications for background from before the year 2000 and publications for approach to management from after the year 2000.

Conclusions: AN in the pediatric population can be a harbinger for underlying metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. A thorough investigation and appropriate screening of children at risk, with a focus on early identification of the dermatologic condition and its associated comorbidities in the primary care setting, and early treatment is recommended to prevent long term consequences and decrease the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Keywords: Acanthosis nigricans (AN); insulin resistance; multidisciplinary care; obesity.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/pm-21-70). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Acanthosis nigricans on the neck of a pediatric patient. Note the accentuation of skin lines and papillomatous surface change of the hyperpigmented plaque.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Acrochordon in affected area of acanthosis nigricans.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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