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Review
. 2023 Jan;34(1):143-150.
doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2022.08.009. Epub 2022 Nov 3.

Complex Chiari Malformations: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment

Vijay M Ravindra  1 , Douglas L Brockmeyer  2
Affiliations
Review

Complex Chiari Malformations: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment

Vijay M Ravindra et al. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

The term "complex Chiari malformation" (CCM) refers to a subset of clinical and radiographic findings that describe a subpopulation of Chiari patients with craniocervical kyphosis and secondary brainstem compression. These patients are at a greater risk for unsuccessful surgical treatment with standard Chiari surgical decompressive procedures and may require craniocervical fusion and/or odontoid resection. This article reviews concepts related to the diagnosis, management, and treatment of CCM and discusses possible directions for future research.

Keywords: Basilar invagination; Chiari malformations; Clivoaxial angle (CXA); Complex Chiari malformation (CCM); Condylar-C2 sagittal vertical alignment (C-C2SVA); Retroflexed odontoid.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the US Government.

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