The diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome

Abstract

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common widespread primary pain condition, with a worldwide prevalence of 2%-4%. Recent research has revealed important evidence for changes in central and peripheral nervous system functions and immunological activity. The diagnosis of FMS can be challenging with no known clinical laboratory investigations to confirm or refute its presence. Symptoms are commonly multiple, fluctuant and may not easily align with established medical diagnostic categories. It can be difficult for patients to articulate their array of symptoms, and for both patients and healthcare professionals to fully make sense of the complexities of the condition. As such, patients may be diagnosed inaccurately with alternative conditions, delaying diagnosis by years. The recent publication of the Royal College of Physicians' guidance aims to support clinicians in the diagnosis of FMS. Its purpose is to provide succinct, relevant information for patients and clinicians about FMS and its diagnosis.

Keywords: FMS; chronic pain; clinical guidelines; fibromyalgia syndrome; nociplastic pain.

Fig 1.

Fibromyalgia syndrome alert factors.

Fig 2.

Considering and investigating differentials and multiple health conditions. FMS = fibromyalgia syndrome.